Antibodies to Epstein Barr virus

The genome of Epstein-Barr DNA is two chains. This particular class is characterized by the fact that the viruses belonging to it, have in the development of RNA-stage. The study showed that the virus affects the body, which is the formation of tumor cells. If we consider the infection, it should be noted that for many years, it can be located in the body and does not manifest itself. After a certain period of time the virus may enter the active phase, and the disease begins to show itself different symptoms. Also the features of the virus is the fact that he is able to replicate without causing the death of the other healthy cells in the body, as a different infection that belongs to the class of herpes. The analyses allow us to determine the presence of virus in the body. Consider all the features that characterize the virus Epstein Barr IGG.

Research methods

You should consider the point that a diagnosis of chronic and acute infection be placed not only on the basis of research results, but also manifested symptoms. We can distinguish the following methods of diagnosis:

1. General analysis of blood. The appearance of considering infection significantly increases the concentration of monocytes, lymphocytes. There is also the possibility of changes in the concentration of platelets, hemoglobin.
2. Biochemical blood test is conducted to determine the concentration of enzymes in the blood, and studies of protein acute phase.
3. Immunological studies carried out in order to determine the state of interferon in the body.
4. Serological test. In this case, defines the class of immunoglobulin, which are antibodies to the virus. In the acute stage there is a possibility of the predominance of IgM, and after a fairly long period of approximately 2-4 months, IgG.
5. DNA-diagnostics. Analysis for the study of DNA taken from saliva, cerebrospinal fluid and biopsies of internal organs.
6. The diagnosis can be many other readings and consultations. Example would be the consultation with the ENT physician and immunologist. Your doctor may prescribe studies abdominal ultrasound.

Most often the definition of infection is carried out by using the method of serological reactions. This should take into account the following classification of the result:

1. When IgM index less than 20 U/ml – negative verdict.
2. If greater than 40 U/ml indicate a positive verdict.
3. In the limit from 20 to 40 U/ml it is possible to say that the result is doubtful.

After a long period of development of infection of antibodies of IgG class may be in the blood the following concentrations:

1. To 20 U/ml – negative.
2. More than 20 U/ml – positive result.

The above points should be considered also in the consideration of IFA. The doctor decides on the type of conducted research independently on the basis of symptoms. In some cases conduct multiple types of research to get a more accurate result.

Conduct research

There are certain studies that are carried out on the virus of Epstein. If this is important to consider the following points:

1. In most cases, the research is being conducted on the detection of VCA IgG and IgM antibodies to various injected antigens. The analyses allow to differentiate the infection to clarify the degree of development of the pathological process.
2. Even once the analyses carried out allow us to determine in what stage is the infection if the body immunity is likely to impact the reporting of the virus.
3. The emergence of na IgG during the acute stage of infection takes place immediately after the manifestation of VCA IgM. While IgG antibodies to the capsid antigen even after a full recovery remains in the body throughout life. Thus reactivation of the infection antibody titers are rising.
4. When conducting research it is possible to obtain positive and negative results. A negative result can be obtained if the blood was received in an early phase of development of the acute phase.
5. If clinical signs remain, but the positive result was not obtained, a second study in 10-14 days. This is done in order to identify seroconversion of the virus.
6. A positive result of IgG antibodies to the nuclear antigen of the virus may indicate the change from exposure to the virus. Additional analysis for antibodies to the Epstein Barr virus are tests No. 186, 187, 255. These studies help to identify the phase of finding infection in the body. Analysisthe blood can indicate whether cases in the acute stage, recovery, reactivation or postinfection.

It should be noted the point that a single test is not a cause for diagnosis. Only taking into account clinical observations and data of other diagnostic procedures to make an accurate diagnosis. Only if the outcome of the Independent laboratory INVITA Epstein Barr IGM, you can be sure that the diagnosis is correct.

Preparations for the tests

There are certain recommendations that relate to the rules of preparation for the tests, indicating that immunoglobulin in the blood and IgM. If the condition is met, you can be sure that the result will be reliable. To donate blood for EBV should only on an empty stomach. We should note the following points:

1. After the last meal and taking blood should take at least 8 hours. The recommended time is 12 hours.
2. Tea, juice, coffee and sugar is not recommended to use 12 hours before the tests.

The above points should be considered in order to correctly detect antibodies to the Epstein Barr virus.

What is PCR?

Among all modern methods of laboratory diagnosis should pay attention to PCR. When conducting such procedure revealed the causative agent of infectious diseases. Such abbreviation means "polymerase chain reaction". This transcript contains the essence of the method. Analysis for antibodies to the Epstein Barr virus is carried out according to modified method, which we'll talk more.

The technique of PCR was developed in 1983, for which Cary Mullis was awarded the Nobel prize. For several years, PCR has been used for research purposes only, however, after some time, it began to be used in the practice of medicine. Analysis of Epstein Barr virus carried out by this method due to the fact that it allows you to disassemble the entire genetic code to find deviations with high precision.

The advantages of the method

The genetic information in an organism is contained in DNA. The advantages of the PCR method is as follows:

1. Universality. Irrespective of, in what stage is the virus, it is possible to conduct the study. Epstein Barr the analysis of another type may have low efficiency.
2. The next advantage of the PCR method can be called high specificity. However, this figure may reach 100%. The feature of the method also determines what gene to look for multiple markers of Epstein Barr IgM
3. The high sensitivity of the method can be called the main advantage. Capsid antigen of Epstein Barr virus can be found in the genetic material quite quickly with high accuracy.
4. The efficiency of the method can be called as one of the main advantages. The setting reaction occurs within a few hours, and the period which begins with the tests, and ends with receiving the desired result, last no more than one day.
5. Analysis for antibodies to the Epstein Barr virus to determine the originator, not the reaction that occurs when rendering effects on the body. This point determines the accuracy of the ongoing study, which allows to identify a protein in the cells.

The above points define what in recent times this method is used to identify the virus in the body.

The disadvantages of the method

Despite the fact that PCR has many advantages, include significant drawbacks. These include:

1. A significant disadvantage is the "human factor". This is due to the fact that such method of research of high-tech, failure to comply with certain requirements and strict rules will lead to inaccurate results. Therefore, the Epstein Barr virus diagnostics are performed at special laboratories that have the above features of this method of DNA testing.
2. The main condition for the research is the installation of filter biological treatment. It needs to filter with 99.9% purity, as otherwise there is a possibility of distortion of the sample.
3. Evaluation of the results obtained during the research should focus solely on the practical physician who has been treating the patient. This is due to the fact that antibodies to the nuclear antigen of Epstein Barr virus does not always indicate the presence of disease. Therefore, the Clinician should observe the occurring symptoms. A similar situation could arise in the first case that was treated, but the antibody still remained in the body. Sensitivity of the PCR determines that even with the expansion of the infection into its components can be obtained a positive result.
4. Another result can be called a case when bright symptoms obtained negative results research. As previously noted, the "human factor" can lead to incorrect collection of DNA samples. To take samples should be exclusively qualified doctor.

   

The above disadvantagesit should be borne in mind when considering a method of DNA testing called PCR. In order to be confident in the results of research should be carried out exclusively in the audited centers, which spetsializiruyutsya on the study of DNA.

In conclusion, we note that only with timely detection of the problem can be assigned to the correct and effective treatment. Many people live with the virus and unaware of the fact that the body has an infection.