The main infectious diseases and their prevention

Infectious disease

In infectious diseases is part of a very large group of a variety of diseases. They are caused by pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms. Infectious diseases are caused by: bacteria, viruses, fungi,protozoa, prions.

Though infectious diseases have always been, but a great contribution to the study occurred in the 19th century. Modern medicine will tell in detail about the process of occurrence of any of the diseases, their classification and prophylaxis. Because some of the infections are quite dangerous for people of a certain age or during pregnancy. Is prevention helps to relieve the disease or even avoid it.

Classification of diseases

Major infectious diseases, their classification is divided into biological principle. It is based on grouping diseases by the pathogen. Also, during the emergence of infectious diseases examines the transmission and localization of pathogens in the body infected. Just divide 5 groups of infections divided by the types of:

• intestinal;
• respiratory path;
• blood-borne and retransmission;
• integument;
• with different modes of transmission.

Intestinal are mainly fecal-oral route. In diseases of the respiratory tract, they are transmitted by airborne droplets. Blood transmissible through vectors, and retransmission through contact with infected blood. Infections of integument, infection occurs through the contact path. In different ways of transmission, the disease can be transmitted by all known methods.

There are also some diseases that are typical only to humans. They are called anthroponomy. If the disease is peculiar to humans and animals, it will be zoonotic. If the pathogens are located in different environmental objects, they will sapronosis.

Clinical classification

Division of infectious diseases occurs according to: the type, severity, and duration.

The incidence may differ a typical or an atypical course, different degrees of severity and duration. All this will depend on the state of the human body and its systems, from timely identification of disease and timely treatment is provided.

Therefore, even the same infection can have different people call completely different clinical classification. Someone has a stronger immune system and in time she started treatment, others may have a weak immune system or is left untreated the infection. So there are complications or disease flows into chronic.

Types of prevention

Just consider three forms of prevention. The use of each of them depends on the state of human health and the origins of infectious diseases. Primary prevention consists of measures that will prevent disease and reduce risk factors for their development. It includes:

• vaccination;
• physical activity;
• proper diet;
• proper distribution of work and rest.

Also prevention of infectious diseases can be on a national scale that includes environmental protection and continuous monitoring of the situation in the case of an epidemic.

If secondary prevention activities aimed at eliminating risk factors. They arise under certain conditions lead to the disease or its recurrence. This can occur with the weakening of the immune system in stressful situations, and high loads on the various systems and organs. The most effective method is clinical examination and surveillance, consistent improvement.

Another type of prevention are measures aimed at rehabilitation after illness. It helps not to be the disease again and not to worsen the condition of the patient. During this prevention provides a range of activities. Person in addition to medical care is social, psychological and labour. All that is necessary to restore functionality of the body and confidence in their social and work suitability.

id="i-5">Differences infections

Features of infectious diseases have differences. They expressed properties of the pathogen, the General condition of the body and the immune system. They are also characterized by immunity to certain diseases after the transfer thereof. Infectious diseases are characterized by periods:

• incubatory;
• initial;
• the height of a disease;
• attenuation;
• recovery.

At the time of infection in the body begins the incubation period. Every disease has a period necessary for infection and reproduction of symptoms.

In the initial period begin to show symptoms. Depending on the infection they will be different, but often and almost all infections may be a symptom of a fever.

During the height become apparent that is specific symptoms that belongs to certain diseases. Getting a clearer clinical picture and possible for these symptoms to find out what kind of infection has struck the body.

In the period of extinction the reduction of symptoms and the person begins to recover. This can happen under the influence of drugs or the immune system. After that recovery occurs.

Prevention of intestinal infections

Because these diseases often are transferred by the fecal-oral route, prevention comes down to hygiene. First of all it is clean hands. It is necessary to wash hands with soap after visiting the toilet, after contact with different objects outdoors or indoors, where the infected.

It is also important to wash food. Especially those that are eaten raw. Very often infection can be on the skin of fruit or vegetables, getting there from the soil. It is recommended to wash them in warm water even in the case when will be shot peel.

This applies to chicken and quail eggs. Their shell can be different pathogens. If the eggs will cook in the shell, they will be destroyed, but when breaking raw eggs for cooking eggs or pie, pathogens along with the food gets into the intestine. Moreover, they will remain in the hands of the person who will take them on other products. It happens all the time, therefore, the basis of prevention remains clean hands and food.

Don't forget about the purity of water. It is also possible to infection. Therefore, you should not drink water from unknown sources is prohibited to swim at the beaches of SES and to prevent ingestion of water in the sea or river. Even normal levels of sanitary and epidemiological stations can't anticipate what someone weaker immune system and trapped with water in the mouth, a microorganism will start to grow rapidly causing disease.

Prevention of respiratory infections

Mostly they are airborne. But there are domestic cases, because some pathogens can survive for long periods outside a living body and settle when you cough or sneeze on the surrounding objects. Often it occurs in children's groups where children are very much in touch.

Respiratory infectious diseases and their prevention is based on preventing the spread of the pathogen through mucous membranes and respiratory tract. Therefore it is necessary to refrain in times of epidemics, visiting public places and large crowds.

Preferably in a room with infected people, wear protective mask, often ventilate the room and not to forget the daily wet cleaning. Be sure to wash your hands and avoid touching open mucous (eyes, nose, mouth) to prevent transfer of pathogens from hands to your body. When applied to mucous membranes, they quickly penetrate and begin to multiply.

Prevention to viral pathogens used antiviral drugs. Also to prevent respiratory diseases is possible to be vaccinated. Often it is done from different types of flu, which greatly facilitates the human condition in the case of infection, or even impossible to avoid these infectious diseases.

Prevention of a "blood" infection

These diseases are transmitted by contact with blood through insect bites or infected blood directly into the body of a healthy person. To prevent the disease from an infected, it is important not to use dirty medical instruments. This applies to syringes, scalpel and other items. Very often it can be noticed in drug addicts that use one syringe for many. The most dangerous disease transmitted through the blood was HIV and hepatitis C. They can be transmitted sexually, so be sure to use during sexual intercourse remedies. Don't get too often change sexual partners or do not control this process. To cure of HIV at present it is impossible, therefore, the disease remains for life and the treatment will not stop. This use of antiretroviral drugs to be taken by the entire life without missing and without changing your own dosage.

To prevent infections that carry people through the bites of insects, it is necessary to take all possible measures. The most famous is the disease malaria. So before you go on a trip to a country where there are cases of infections, it is necessary to make vaccination. If a person is bitten by a tick, it is not necessary to try to pull out from the body and discarded. Forthe prevention of disease and accurate diagnosis, insect be delivered to the laboratory, where they will indicate dangerous or not. Because tick encephalitis dangerous enough. In order not to run into him in nature, is to dress properly, use repellents.

Disease prevention the outer cover

Such infections are transmitted by contact. Among them, tetanus, anthrax, scabies, mycosis, wounds, rabies, sexually transmitted diseases. For prevention of such diseases should avoid unprotected genital tract, be sure to maintain good hygiene, try not to contact with sick people and animals.

If you experience wounds on the skin to treat them with antiseptics. This is to prevent the wound of the pathogen and will not allow the wound to fester. Indeed, in this case, perhaps deterioration when the inflammation and infection will pass from the skin to the muscles and into the blood. Delaying treatment can lead to a gangrenous condition. If it fails to cure, man receives an amputation.

Prevention of diseases with different transmission routes

In this case, it is necessary to observe all precautionary measures, because the causative agent enters the body in different ways. To prevent not to forget about personal hygiene and always remember about the danger of dirty hands. Because the infection can be in water or food, to eat guaranteed clean water, and raw foods to succumb to the heat treatment. Raw vegetables or fruits before eating to wash and rinse with boiling water. It will not worsen and will not change the taste but infection when exposed to water will disappear.

Be sure to carefully monitor the expiration dates of food and the integrity of their packaging. Even the fresh peas or crab sticks in damaged packaging will be a threat. Not everyone has a strong immune system and increases the risk of infection.

Be sure to wet cleaning and airing the room. You can use disinfectants when cleaning floors or other surfaces in the presence of the patient at home. During epidemics to keep the child in the garden or school, and if symptoms occur, be sure to go to the hospital.

The main directions of prevention

Among the main directions of strengthening the immune system. Activities should be aimed at increasing the resistance to infections, helps in many cases to avoid infection. To do this, use hygiene, physical culture, proper nutrition.

A good tool for the prevention of many diseases is vaccination. It can prevent the disease or the person will take it rather easily as opposed to not vaccinated. So to avoid compulsory vaccinations are not necessary. Some are annually vaccinated against viral diseases in the form of SARS and influenza.

Mandatory direction of prevention is quarantine and isolation of source of infection. This reduces the prevalence of the disease and helps to maintain certain boundaries of the home. Such activities may take place in the family circle or at the state level.