What diseases are called infectious, their types

Among the health topics that concern many people, one of the leaders is, what diseases are called infectious, as they are correctly classified and how they can be transmitted from a sick to healthy person. Before to find out what diseases are called infectious it is necessary to clarify their symptoms, the main symptoms and causes and how they spread.

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, are the main representatives of viral diseases, divided according to the types based on the type of pathogen that can be transmitted in different ways. Infectious diseases have a common feature and a number of similar symptoms that are divided according to the type of pathogen. Using the diagnosis by testing it turns out the type of malicious microorganism that is the cause of the disease.

The causative agents of infectious diseases

Diseases of this type are as a result of harmful microorganisms by infection transmitted from an infected person healthy. As the types of pathogens there are many, it is important to highlight the main ones:

1. Simple.
2. Spirochetes.
3. Rickettsias.
4. Fungi.
5. Microbes.
6. Viruses.

You want to stay at each type separately, then it becomes more understandable the essence of infectious diseases, that people can become infected, and the method of their transmission.

Simple

Despite the fact that microorganisms are unicellular, it is still a full format of the infection which is able to mutate and acquire new forms. Simple more complex structure of cells in comparison with bacteria. Protozoa can cause serious by their actions the destruction of the body, their activity increases especially in cases when the body's immune system can not cope with their duties.

Malarial Plasmodium, Entamoeba histolytica and other representatives of the protozoa differ in structure and size. For example, helminths and other parasites visible to the naked eye. The main cause of infection is neglect the rules of personal hygiene, violation of sanitary norms, transmission air-drop way and also by the common use of objects in public places.

Spirochetes

Spirochetes belong to the representatives of pathogens, which are the main cause of diseases such as syphilis, relapsing fever. Its shape they resemble a corkscrew, thin and curving microorganisms. Different activity of reproduction. Infection occurs in various ways:

1. Household path.
2. When blood of an infected person with open wounds healthy.
3. By intimate relationships without the use of protective contraceptives.
4. Air-drop way.

Rickettsias

It Rickettsia cause typhus epidemics, and other infectious diseases. Rickettsia something between viruses and bacteria, the so-called middle management. For its size inferior to Rickettsia bacteria. They do not develop in the nutrient medium of artificial origin and that is their main difference with the bacteria. Almost all of the diseases included in the group rickettsiosis disease are caused by this type of pathogen.

Fungi

Fungi have relatively complex structure than bacteria, multicellular organisms, reminiscent of the thread. Fungi are divided into species, which in turn have multiple groups. They cause many infectious diseases sexually transmitted diseases. Their habitats is the skin, hair, nails, but there are those which are formed and develop in the internal organs of the body. The majority of fungi are saprophytes, and live peacefully with humans and animals, but there are those who become agents of harmful diseases. Highlighting the main groups you need to consider the difference of their structure and features.

1. Pathogenic. A direct threat to the health of the body represent the three main species of fungi. The causative agents of deep mycoses, radiant provoking actinomycosis fungi and yeast are the culprits a severe disease called blastomycosis.
2. Imperfect. This type of fungi is the main culprit manifestationsdermatomycosis's.
3. Non-pathogenic. Representatives of this type distributed in the form of yeast and mold.

Microbes

Representatives of single-celled microorganisms. The main culprits of diseases such as paratyphoid fever, both types of typhoid fever. Have several shapes: sticks, ball, curved or thread. From a group of rod-shaped bacteria the most common form. Germs are transmitted in various way, as by airborne droplets, and objects of everyday life, that they are in most cases caused by disease of an infectious nature during outbreaks of SARS and influenza.

Viruses

Representatives of viruses of microorganisms, which, without the use of strong electronic optical devices can not be seen. They are the perpetrators of such diseases as influenza, measles, encephalitis, polio. Viruses differ not only in complexity but also the diversity and complexity of structure. His development of this kind of parasites continues only on the basis of the intracellular life of the carrier. A compound which is a nucleic acid is the main component of the virus. This compound is a framework for mutation of the virus and in other words can acquire another life form.

Difference and ways of infectious diseases

What is infectious disease and their causative agent, and now it's time to find out what the difference of these diseases than others.

1. The main difference is the ability of the transmission of the disease to other people by infection.
2. A secondary feature is the presence of changes that occur: high fever, toxemia, inflammatory processes.
3. The presence of complications such as lesions of other organs of the body.

As the treatment of infectious diseases involves the use of antibiotics should be prepared after recovery to restore the protective functions of the organism. Infectious diseases are divided into several types of viruses spreading:

1. Contact with the patient. Transmission occurs through contact with patients using household items, by droplets during sex without protective contraception.
2. Household-the food. This transmission occurs through the use of spoiled or expired shelf life food items to public life and as a result of poisoning of various types of products distributed in malls and other establishments.
3. Blood is not the transmission. Contamination during medical procedures that ignores the General rules of safety and re-used instruments to donate blood, carrying out of injections and other events.
4. Lineshaft. A carrier of the diseases are insects and animals that when they bite together with the saliva and other enzymes contribute to penetration of the virus into the bloodstream.
5. Transfusional. The transmission is a result of the negligent actions of physicians during the transplant journey for transplant organs, or as a consequence of blood transfusion in surgical operations.

Also note that all of these methods of transmission need certain conditions. To be precise, they can be divided into three categories:

1. The source of infection.
2. Suitable transmission conditions.
3. A weakened immune system as a platform for infection.

The characteristics of the causative agents of infectious diseases

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens, which, as it became clear in the previously described material may be different, but still there are a number of features inherent only in this type of disease.

1. The lack of control of the situation on spread of infection can cause epidemics.
2. To breed in the body needs time, which is called the incubation period.
3. Pathogens extremely difficult found in the environment.
4. Some of the pathogens have the ability to maintain vital functions outside the body of an animal or human for a long period.

As is now clear, the infection develops in certain conditions, unfavourable for humans, but suitable for viruses. Infectious diseases are divided into two categories: large-scale distribution: the transport, due to migration of the affected animals and birds. If the percentage of human cases exceeds the normal rate, the situation becomes epidemic proportions.

The types of infectious diseases

One and a half-two centuries ago, the epidemic was blamed for the disappearance of entire States. The mechanism of transmission of the epidemic is triggered in different ways: neglect the rules of personal hygiene, unsanitary living conditions, immoral behavior and more. Most often the culprit of transfer speed are favorable climatic conditions: high humidity and warm weather. Listing the most dangerous in their properties infectious diseases, outline the basic.

1. Dysentery. The pathogen retains its properties in different environments: underwear, feces, food, household items, damp soil. Not tolerate exposure to high and low temperatures, sunlight, disinfectants. Often settles on the surface of vegetables and fruits, milk, unfiltered water.
2. Cholera.Acts by lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, disturbed fluid and electrolyte balance, dehydration. At the first sign applies strict quarantine to reduce contact with healthy people to a minimum. Transmitted strictly fecal-oral way, the cause of infection is neglect the rules of personal hygiene, eating unwashed fruits berries, fruits and vegetables. The human body is not adapted to deal with this type of disease, there is almost no resistance.
3. Hepatitis. A special kind of virus affecting one of the main human body organs liver. There are two types of transmission: by contact with digestive tract along with are not cleaned or improperly prepared food and as a consequence surgical operations, medical interventions, or a blood transfusion. The cause of the infection can become banal re-use of disposable syringe for injection. The incubation period is different: in the first case, when it is assumed the virus spread with food this a period of not more than 50 days in case of transfer of blood to 200. People who recover from infectious disease, is a threat to people without a history of this disease, as the virus throughout life is in the blood.
4. Botulism. Spore is a viral pathogen that has many varieties. Persistent and tenacious in a normal environment, the virus, able to survive in extreme conditions. The only way to kill is using a high temperature (120 degrees) or use strong disinfectants. Grows and develops in the absence of oxygen, the main source of food is meat and fish. A favorable environment is considered, the temperature 37 degrees, which is a strong toxic substance exceeding the force of action of the rattlesnake venom 350 times.

In addition to these diseases has not been named to many "representatives" of these dangerous and lurking almost everywhere ailments. You can add tuberculosis, diphtheria, HIV, sexually transmitted infections and other equally dangerous and insidious to the human body. Good hygiene, and disease prevention will help to significantly reduce the risk of Contracting the virus, the main thing to remember and to fulfill their basic requirements to personal safety.