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Tuberculosis and HIV infection, life expectancy

Tuberkulez i vich infekciya prodolzhitelnost zhizni

The body's immune system is responsible for the production of antibodies that fight the spread of the body of virus, bacteria and other pathogens. From time to time, the immune system may be weakened due to stress, poor diet, with a strong non-communicable disease, severe damage of the body and so on. After the weakening of the immune system viruses and bacteria that had not shown itself for a long time, you can start to multiply. The big problem brings HIV infection, which is partially or fully depending on the development stage, kills the immune system. Without the antibodies that fight the pathogen, even a minor infection can bring a lot of problems. Therefore, HIV must undergo examinations to detect other pathogens. Example would be the case when HIV and tuberculosis are starting to emerge clearly. Consider the features of development of tuberculosis in people who have HIV or AIDS.

HIV and AIDS — in which case TB is more dangerous?

The first step is to determine the impact of tuberculosis in HIV infected and AIDS patients. Many do not see the difference between the two concepts, which is a gross mistake. HIV may not manifest itself even when infected by other dangerous infections for several years. With correct treatment the infected life almost does not change. However, after several years, depending on the effectiveness of treatment and characteristics of the organism, there is a probability of transition of HIV infection in the last stage called AIDS. In AIDS the body, even if treated, is not capable to resist various infections that enter the body. That is why AIDS and tuberculosis can cause severe symptoms and even death of the patient.

However, when hit and the initial stages of development of HIV infection should remember that the periodic examination should not only to forecast the rate of destruction of the immune system, but also detect other viruses. TB should be treated before HIV infection go into the last stage of development. Also, some measures will allow to exclude the possibility of infection. It is worth remembering that, with modern medicine tuberculosis and HIV infection are not a sentence to your life expectancy if timely treatment and the right treatment can be several tens of years.

Realization of research

Tuberkulez i vich infekciya prodolzhitelnost zhizni

As previously noted, immediately after the definition of HIV infection should conduct a survey that will allow us to dynamically observe the TB. There is a certain group of people that is at risk of Contracting TB. The following measures allow to determine the likelihood of developing this disease in infected people:

  1. Should have a visit 1-2 times a year for check-UPS. In HIV infection TB develops rather quickly, but routine examinations with a similar frequency allow to determine the risk of disease, as this figure can vary from external factors and General health.
  2. The survey begins in the mandatory examination by a tuberculosis specialist. While in medical card States a detailed history in relation to risk of tuberculosis. The patient should be informed that it falls into risk group. Also needs to be explained all the signs of occurrence. The patient, after identifying one of the symptoms must consult a doctor for re-examination and further tests.
  3. After conducted the initial inspection, take a sample of type 2 THOSE in subsequent years take it 1-2 times a year depending on the extent of the disease.

In the period of observation of the dynamics of development of the disease while revealing that the infection has become clearly manifest itself, prescribers for tuberculosis. By the decision of the doctor and such treatment with the prescription of anti-TB drugs can be administered as prophylaxis.

History taking can be identified copious sputum. In such a case should be studied for the presence of pathogens and mycobacteria considered disease.

Even insignificant deterioration of the patient undergoing hospitalization, as the progression of the disease can develop with great speed. Unfavourable environmental conditions can accelerateprocess or lead to other pathologies, infectious diseases.

Recently patients who are at risk but do not have clinical manifestations of the disease observed in the study of screening diagnostics. These offices are often located in special centers dedicated to helping people with HIV infection.

If the history indicates that the expression of symptoms, the patient is directed to the Cabinet the reference diagnosis. Usually such offices are located in protivotuberkuleznyj clinics. The office has its own entrance and offices, which are connected only with this disease. This is due to the fact that the immunodeficiency meeting with patients who have different infection, can lead to large complications. A separate entrance allows to avoid contact of people suffering from tuberculosis, and not patients with the disease.

Research is at an early stage

Tuberkulez i vich infekciya prodolzhitelnost zhizni

More to the point, when HIV was struck by the human immune system, tuberculosis typically occurs for people who are not infected with HIV. This point determines that the examination is carried out the typical way.

However, there is a significant change in the dispensation of research: because of the increased risk of disease as a result of entering HIV in the body the screening is performed more frequently than people without HIV. You can assign additional examination that will allow with high accuracy to raise the forecast of the disease.

Especially the wording of the diagnosis

Only when accurate diagnosis, you can count on effective treatment. In case of detection of tuberculosis in an HIV-positive diagnosis should include the following information:

  1. The stage of HIV infection. As previously noted, there are several stages of destruction of the immune system. The first body carries almost all of the disease just as well as without infection. The last stage define a clear manifestation of symptoms and complications.
  2. A detailed diagnosis of tuberculosis and other diseases that have been identified during the performed surveys. The rules of diagnosis in immunodeficiency is specified in the order of Ministry of health.

Special attention is paid to the group of people who have after the initial signs of HIV infection, a period of absence of clinical signs. In this case, may develop a limited tuberculous process in the diagnosis indicated latent stage of HIV infection and risk.

Several factors indicates that pulmonary tuberculosis is the stage of secondary diseases:

  1. Dissemination of the tuberculous process.
  2. When carrying out morphological studies can be identified a significant reduction in reactivity.
  3. In severe immunodeficiency when of the conducted studies indicate the low content of antibodies in the body.

It should be remembered that the accuracy of the diagnosis depends on many things. The more details provided, the easier it is to prescribe effective treatment. You also need to consider that the study of the dynamics of the disease development based on the results of previous studies.

Features treatment accordingly

Treatment of tuberculosis in the case of immunodeficiency is somewhat different from the standard program. Thus it is necessary to distinguish three main directions of treatment:

Treatment with the test stage of development:

  1. TB CVCC is created to confirm the diagnosis. The group should include doctors who have had special training on HIV. Special training involves the consideration of the course of tuberculosis in cases of impaired immunity in HIV infection.
  2. The treatment is carried out in accordance with established standards approved by the Ministry of health. However, when assigning treatment in the first place are the features of a particular case.
  3. There is a possibility of the appointment of chemotherapy. In this case medical staff need to closely monitor the appointment of drugs, as well as the errors associated with the dose or the mode of reception can lead to very serious consequences.
  4. Even after successful treatment the patient remains under supervision to prevent the likelihood of disease recurrence.

    Tuberkulez i vich infekciya prodolzhitelnost zhizni

In many cases assigned to highly active antiretroviral therapy. This decision is due to the fact that at low concentrations of antibodies, the virus quickly develops, mutates and affects many other systems.

Needless HIV infection, many suffer emotionally hard, because of the possibility of a significant reduction of life and deterioration of its quality. Tuberculosis by itself is a severe disease. That is why the treatment is also to create a system of social and psychological adaptation of the patient to this situation. A similar stage is as follows:

  1. Consultation the patient and his family in order to explain the peculiarities of treatment optionsoutcomes and consequences. Held a similar conversation at AIDS centers.
  2. Moral support of the patient also has significant importance as depression, depression further undermined the body and makes it vulnerable. In many cases, the doctor will explain what are the stages of HIV infection as manifest and also to point out the importance of immediate treatment despite the likelihood of side effects that significantly impair quality of life. Also the task of the doctor to inform the patient about the transmission of not only HIV but also tuberculosis, to protect loved ones, others from these dangerous diseases. Communication with the therapist is performed periodically in order to adjust the patient to maintain established treatment regime. In the case of apathy, depression, it is likely that the patient would stop treatment, but after a while will decide to return to him. In such a case, the effectiveness of the rules will be zero.
  3. Special attention is also drawn to the employment, living conditions and vesting sick benefits provided for in legislation.

In conclusion, we note that in most cases the treatment is performed by a specialist in HIV infections, but in cooperation of TB.