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HIV infection symptoms in women incubation period

Eng.: AIDS – acquired immune deficiency syndrome

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The infection is caused by HIV-1 and HIV-2

Mortality: 100%

Area: infectious disease

What is HIV and AIDS?

In 1981, for the first time in the United States was recognized as a new disease that later became known as AIDS. The name of the disease is the abbreviation for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that expresses the nature of the disease. This syndrome leads to the destruction of the immune system. The human body becomes susceptible to many other infectious diseases and cancer diseases.

In 1983 he was discovered the causative agent of AIDS. The discovery was made, independently from one another, research teams etc. Gallo in the United States. and Montagnier in France. This virus called HIV – human immunodeficiency virus – meaning a virus that causes loss of immunity in humans. This virus attacks the body, especially a specific group of white blood cells, T-cells, which multiplies, subsequently kills and, thus, decreases their quantity in the body of an infected person. A sharp decline in the number of white blood cells, which play an important role in the protection of the human body, leads to failure of the immune system, causing the infection progresses to the AIDS stage.

AIDS and HIV infection (the virus that causes immunodeficiency)

HIV infection and infection with this virus causes AIDS – at present, a terrible and incurable disease that annually, mainly in developing countries, kills about 2.5 million people, so per day, from about 7 to 10 thousand. According to experts, all over the world because of HIV AIDS affects 30 to 45 million people (exact number unknown).

Stages of HIV AIDS

  1. The incubation period – the person infected with HIV without symptoms.
  2. At an early stage begin to show early symptoms, the manifestation of which is very slightly, enough to recognize the presence of the virus in the body very difficult.
  3. Asymptomatic phase – at this stage HIV symptoms the first symptoms.
  4. Developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
  5. The infected individuals have developed AIDS.

HIV symptoms in accordance with the stages of development

Incubation period

The incubation period is a prerequisite for almost every infectious disease, during which the person is not experiencing any difficulties. In the case of HIV infection it generally takes 3-5 weeks, minimum 1 week, maximum up to 3 months.

The primary symptoms of HIV

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Symptoms of HIV in the primary phase of the infection occur, approximately 70% of infected people, but approximately 1/3 of infected individuals, they do not exist, and after an incubation period comes from stage 2 and secondary symptoms are manifested, the cause of this phenomenon is not exactly known. The symptoms in women and men the impact of HIV in this case are very similar to symptoms of flu.

The most common symptom is a rash that within a few hours disappears, inflammation of the nasopharynx (cough, runny nose, sneezing, sore throat...), hyperthermia (high temperature) to 39°C, swollen lymph nodes. Symptoms of acute primary HIV infection usually last 5-15 days, and almost always suddenly disappear (spontaneously), which means the beginning of a transition in the 2nd phase.

Asymptomatic phase

Asymptomatic stage of HIV is reflected in practically all cases of HIV infection. Sometimes it occurs immediately after the incubation period (about 1/3 of cases), but mostly between the incubation period and phase 2 appearsymptoms of acute primary HIV infection. The name of the "asymptomatic" phase is somewhat inappropriate, because certain signs at this stage appear, but this name is internationally agreed. Probably is because in addition to the incubation period at this stage, symptoms are minimal and, therefore, to identify the HIV without special tests in this phase is difficult (to identify infection by blood test after 2-3 weeks after potential infection). Common symptoms include, mainly, unexplained fever (subfebrile temperature) to 37-38°C, which lasts at least 3-5 weeks (the temperature is associated with frequent nocturnal excessive sweating, which does not stop even if the person sleeps without a blanket), chronic diarrhea (diarrhea), which lasts as long as does not decrease low-grade fever. These signs often resemble symptoms that occur in the case when there is a food Allergy.

Can also be swollen lymph nodes in the neck, be a chronic cough, lasting at least 2-4 weeks. In addition to these various symptoms the person is not experiencing any health complications. Asymptomatic stage of HIV infection without treatment usually lasts from 5 to 15 years.

Developing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome human (AIDS)

Usually, after 10 years without treatment, HIV infection develops into AIDS developing in which any parasite, virus, bacteria, can lead to death because the human immune system at that time already suffered considerable distortion. Within 1-3 months after this phase, the disease gradually passes into stage 4 which is the latest, and is characterized clinically advanced AIDS.

Clinically advanced AIDS – the last stage of HIV infection

After this phase there is a gradual development of AIDS. Still visible are the signs of 2 stages of HIV infection, which are growing in strength. People suffering from diseases that under normal conditions respond well to treatment in healthy people (caused by the bacteria found in the environment), in this case can lead to death. People with AIDS can die from the common cold! Tumor cells, which from time to time arise in the body, the immune system of a healthy person is able to identify and destroy. But a person with AIDS, unfortunately, the immune system this task can not cope. Typical of this condition is Kaposi's sarcoma, a skin tumor which occurs in 1/3 of patients with AIDS. The formation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (cancer of lymph nodes) occurs 100 times more often than a healthy person. You may also experience cachexia, a disease which is characterized by at least 10% loss of body weight and neurological disorders, such as impaired vision and movement, difficulty speaking, dementia. At clinically advanced stages of AIDS, there is little chance of a temporary return to a healthy condition, the disease can no longer be effectively treated (with good modern treatment for 5 years after HIV infection phase 4 will almost certainly not happen), even using the most advanced methods of treatment, with clinically advanced AIDS, a person can survive only a few years.

Transmission, prevention and treatment

Transmission of infection

To date, the confirmed are 3 ways of HIV transmission:

Through the blood

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If someone gets a blood transfusion from a person infected with HIV, this leads to transmission of infection and development of the incubation period. Today, however, the probability of something like this event happens practically zero, because each donor is automatically performed HIV test. The danger is present, for example, in the case of injury of HIV-infected because, when touching the wound of a healthy person is a risk of transmission. In addition, the risk of infection increases with the deep "French" kissing or sharing of needles during drug use. Insect bites HIV is not transferred, even if the insect sucks the blood of an infected person.

Sex

Unprotected intercourse also increases the risk of HIV transmission, and this risk is higher in the case of transmission from male to female than from female to male. There is not foolproof method, as during sex to protect themselves from HIV infection. When using human medicines to fight infection, the risk is reduced of about 30%. The most reliable method is the condom (up to 80-90% risk reduction), but even this method is not an absolute.

Mother-to-child

If an HIV-positive expectant mother during pregnancy does not use special drugs against HIV, the risk of transmission to the fetus (through the placenta) increases approximately 20-35%. However, if the mother uses anti-retroviral drugs against HIV, the risk of transmission is reduced to 0.5-8%.

The HIV virus is also found in saliva and urine, but it is in these physiological secretions contain very little, which is why no recorded cases of infection through these 2route of transmission. Saliva also contains substances that destroy the virus. It has been estimated that in order to get HIV through saliva, a person would have HIV-infected saliva at least 10 liters.

Prevention

Preventive measures are mainly a precaution, which includes, for example:

  • caution when administering drugs (especially drugs) by injection,
  • also, control of blood donors for HIV,

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  • to abandon the so-called "French" kissing,
  • through sexual contact with an HIV-infected person should use condoms (or sex with HIV-positive persons not to have),
  • infected mothers should receive antiretroviral drugs.

Treatment

HIV/AIDS even in today's time of advanced medicine is not a fully curable disease. But drugs against HIV is so effective that if HIV is diagnosed in time (up to 3 years after infection), for example, 30-year-old man, and introduces the most modern treatment, he has a decent chance to not die from sickness and from old age. In newborns, unfortunately, there is no such chance because children AIDS is rapidly evolving, but they have considerable opportunity to live up to 40-50 years.

The pharmaceutical market currently offers about 20 drugs for HIV/AIDS. The most effective is antiretroviral therapy, which inhibits and restricts the function of the enzyme, which HIV forces infected cells to produce additional viruses.

Other treatments directly aimed at blocking molecules of RNA of the HIV virus. Of these, less effective medicines appeared on the market in the first place, but they only slow down the function of the virus and their use may extend stage 2 of the disease for several years.

HIV-infected person, normally assigned to a combination of 2-3 drugs against HIV and at least one of them refers to antiretroviral therapy. It is also possible introduction of maintenance therapy, which is to strengthen the human immune system.