Analysis syphilis: what to take to accurately diagnose

Tests for syphilis

As the General analysis of blood will not bear the necessary information, you need to conduct a comprehensive examination to be sure to detect the causative agent.

As the biological materials can be used the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, tissue taken from ulcers, lymph nodes. It is best to define the blood for syphilis. To select the right material you need to build on the stage and severity of the disease. To pass the analysis for syphilis you need to consult a doctor who will help you determine the extent of the disease and what tests you must pass.

First you need to determine which pathogens infect the body. This is the blood for syphilis and conducted bacterioscopic study, which by means of a microscope determines the presence of the causative agent. Also a blood test for syphilis is carried out using serological tests. They are able to identify bacterial antigens that are responsively form the body of the antibody in the test material.

Pale Treponema very picky about the nutritional environments and poorly cultivated, so a test to determine syphilis is not carried out.

To determine the pale Treponema, syphilis testing should be divided into 2 groups:

• Straight, who finds the bacteria itself:
• Darkfield microscopy. It detects micro-organisms in dark field.
• RIT-test – infection of rabbits with biological material taken from the patient.
• PCR diagnostics helps to find the genetic parts of the bacteria.
• Serological lies in the detection of antibodies to a microorganism produced by the body.

The types of serological analyses

• Non-treponemal
• the complement fixation with the antigen cardiolipin (RSCC);
• the reaction of molecular deposition of antigen with antibodies (RMP);
• test plasma reagin (RPR);
• test with by toluidine red.

• Treponemal
• the complement fixation with treponemal antigen (RSCT);
• reaction immobilization treponem (RIBT RIT or);
• the reaction immunofluorescence (RIF);
• the reaction of passive hemagglutination (PHA);
• enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);
• immunoblotting.

These studies can yield important information that is necessary in order to diagnose syphilis.

What are the direct tests?

The analysis for syphilis indicates the presence of pale treponemes. With their help to detect syphilis is possible with a probability of 98%. However, the material is not always possible to find the bacteria (approximately 7 of 10), so if the result is negative, it does not mean that the disease is not.

The analysis is performed on the first and second stages when syphilis is manifested hard chancre or rash. Of them select the material and provide detection of microorganisms.

Very efficiently process the blood for syphilis fluorescent antibody. They bind to the bacterium and start to glow when viewed through a microscope.

Diagnosis using RIT effective, but it is now almost never used, due to the fact that this analysis is expensive and lengthy, and takes a long time to wait to develop syphilis of the animal.

PCR study serves as an excellent method of finding genetic material. However, such an analysis to determine the syphilis will be expensive.

Serological method

Non-treponemal tests

• RSCC and RMP. They have a broad range of analyses, however one of the current research was Wasserman. This blood test for syphilis is on the same antibody reaction of the blood of the patient to the causative agent and cardiolipin, which is extracted from the heart of a bull. Following the binding of these substances occur cereals.
• The method of microprecipitation. This method is very good, but it has a significant disadvantage is low specificity. It may show incorrect results in leukemia, tuberculosis, after childbirth, monthly cycles. Therefore, to determine the syphilis they use infrequently.
• RMP can give a positive result a month later, after the formation of the chancre. To diagnose this method as the material for the study using blood taken from a finger.
• RPR test and by toluidine red. They are used for:
• population survey;
• if there isthe suspected infection;
• screening of donors.
Often, the syphilis testing can give false result due to the fact that the body can be infections of bacterial nature, as well as heart problems, intoxication, inflammatory processes in the respiratory system . So before you determine syphilis determine what infections are present in the body.
• test with by toluidine red. The analysis is used to monitor the pattern of treatment of the disease syphilis.

Treponemal tests

Treponemal tests are to use of the antigens of the microorganism. Used in cases:

• positive results in microprecipitate;
• the detection of a false screening result;
• diagnosis not a manifestation of syphilis.

RIT and REEF are among the most sensitive methods. To downsides include the complexity and duration of the study.

The REEF gives a positive response, only two months later. A negative response means that the patient is healthy.

RIT is done only after positive results of the previous method to check the disease. But this analysis can show positive results after 90 days after infection.

Immunoblotting is typically used for diagnosing syphilis in newborns. This analysis is good because it reliably shows the presence of syphilis in young children.

ELISA and TPPA. These methods are the most informative. ELISA and TPPA are very beneficial study that does not hit on the wallet. They are among the most accurate methods in order to ascertain the presence of syphilis.

Analysis of the TPPA gives a positive answer at the first stage of syphilis. Especially this method is used for the detection of latent or chronic forms of the disease.

In the determination using ELISA, the result can be positive almost a month after the disease. ELISA is the most sensitive method. The negative side of IFA – increased risk of false results. False positive ELISA appears in chronic or bacterial diseases, malfunction of metabolism in newborns. Therefore, if ELISA showed a positive result – that's not a reason to panic.

To choose an analysis that detects syphilis, it is necessary to consider all the negative and positive aspects of each of them.

As serological methods ELISA and even have a strong enough error, it was created by more modern methods of diagnosis of the disease is gas chromatography, mass spectrometry.