Analysis of HPV human papillomavirus infection in women
Infection caused by the human papillomavirus, is chronic and fraught with relapses. As such, it is crucial to be screened for HPV, blood tests, the material scraping for a biopsy, doctors pass the proposed tests. In fact, infection is not a disease and in permissible quantities of mucus is present in every person. Begins after an incubation period of progress, when densely populated, thus many problems, mainly on the genitals, in the cavity of the uterus in women and the penis in men.
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DNA virus papillomas do not have their own shell and have a low sensitivity to the environment, so survive only in humans, with the appearance of favorable conditions begin the vital functions and reproduction.
Today doctors know more than 150 types of HPV causative agents. Transmission is possible by contact-household contact with virus carriers. In addition, some types of HPV can lead to cancer, and hence their timely detection is crucial.
As manifested HPV?
The HPV virus has its own characteristics of the flow, and at first almost no symptoms. Often patients ask when you are explicitly expressed signs of occurrence of genital warts on labia, vagina and cervix in women. Some species are not difficult visually on the genitals to identify yourself. When applying the same to a gynecologist during a examination revealed genital warts in the region of the cervical canal, genitalia. Lead to characteristic symptoms of neoplasia.
Male HPV can be localized on the glans penis, mucous membrane of the urethra and foreskin around the circumference, you can see specific growths. Sometimes settled in groups on the chest, armpits. But in the initial stages the virus doesn't manifest itself. Often identified only after the cytological studies.
In women, the virus is detected on the cervix, in the vagina in the form of build-up, causing discomfort, pain, bleeding on palpation. Broken urination and it is a reason to go to the doctors to get tested for the HPV virus.
The types of HPV tests
If you suspect a viral infection, the patient is assigned to several types of analyses:
- blood to identify the virus in an asymptomatic case of its occurrence,
- the method of polymerase chain reaction for detection of the pathogen in the absence of blood,
- biomaterial for the presence of the pathogen, the degree of oncogenicity from the vagina in women and urethra of men men,
- Cytology of the smear for detection of single viruses.
If you suspect that HPV is mainly used the quantitative method for the assessment of viral load as a percentage on the body. The ratio of healthy cells to pathological for possible development of cancer.
Effectively conduct a highly sensitive test for HPV infection to identify the type of agent, its concentration in cells and tissues, the degree of oncogenetic that will allow physicians to make the optimal forecast for the patient, design an appropriate treatment strategy.
Preparation for analysis of HPV
Before you get tested for HPV, a patient has to undergo a series of preparatory procedures, adhering to the recommendations of doctors:
- do not use medicines before the diagnosis, otherwise the results can be heavily distorted,
- 1 - 2 a week to review your diet to make meals more than easy with the exception of fatty, smoked and spicy dishes,
- to drink preferably within 1 week of diagnosis,
- on the day of the taking of the scrapings and blood it is advisable not to smoke,
- before to restrict myself from mental, physical activities,
- before PAP for HPV, women 2 hours you need to refrain and not to piss,
- women 3 days before the test does not use means of intimate hygiene, providing nutrition, not to wash, to refuse medication, antiviral drugs, also sexual intercourse, any surgical intervention on the genitals to avoid getting about the wrong results.
How does a swab for HPV?
PCR analysis for HPV is taken by taking a scraping of the vagina in women or fromurethra and cervical channel for men, if you talk about how to take the analysis on the secretive HPV. The study is also subject to tissue biopsy.
These tests allow technicians to carry out the differentiation of pathogens in the body for their oncogenicity, the distinctive signs of other infectious pathogens. The detection of papillomas with a high risk of activation of pathological processes in the body.
A blood test will determine the type of microorganisms, their concentration, riskovannoe or vysokohirne effect on the body.
The biomaterial by taking a piece of tissue from the mucous is sent to study on Cytology.
Further tests to identify the pathogen, able to cause changes in the cells, the development of HPV disease.
If the smear HPV is not detected, then the survey is conducted by colcoscopy HPV by visual inspection of the cervix in women under the microscope. In case of detection of deviations of biopsy to take a tissue sample for histology to clarify the nature of the tumor.
Possible to retrieve tissue from the labia, and other parts, or the oral cavity. The estimated lesion viruses are studied for a biopsy. It is possible to capture biological material from a vein, blood plasma, in order to confirm or refute the presence of the causative agent HPV, to identify its percentage content, the degree of deviation from the norm. If the analysis of HPV human papilloma indicates a concentration in the blood, then it is a real threat to the development of malignant tumors, when subsequently, patients will need to go the doctor suggests treatment.
In women the study for the presence of HPV is subject to the collection of material from the cervix or the cervical canal. Taking scrape is considered to be informative to clarify the location of the virus papillomas.
In some cases additionally performed Cytology, when additional research results have not led to positive results. Sometimes patients are asked to undergo a sensing at the time of absence of menstruation in order to avoid unreliable results.
Women under the age of 30 years showing holding of Cytology for HPV. It is important to understand that the results are not always true, because HPV infection is secretive for and papillomas on the body might not even be. Informative are the tests for younger women the age of 23 for the presence of HPV. That is why it is important not to miss the moment of diagnosis for HPV. Some papillomaviruses are prone to malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer, therefore, their identification at the initial stage will allow doctors to prescribe timely treatment and to save patients from this disease. If unpleasant symptoms in the genitals in the form of itching, burning, pain, strange effluence of mucus from the vagina there is, of t course, is not worth it to delay going to the doctors.
How is diagnosis of HPV?
The research subject is taken a disposable material or analysis on papillomavirus, which is not subject to freezing, only you can save in the refrigerator for 4 days.
The patient is on medication before the procedure, you must notify the doctor that will be taken into account in the interpretation of analysis.
Blood sampling for rent only on an empty stomach in the morning.
Before taking a smear from the urethra men can not go to the toilet for 2 hours, not substitution.
To obtain reliable information on the subject of papillomavirus infection in the body, or whether the patient is a carrier of the causative agent, after having handed over the analysis, it is possible to redirect to a dermatologist to assess the situation in the presence of visible tumors on the skin or to the gynecologist, the urologist at the appearance of warts in the perineum, the genitals, painful discharge of urine containing blood, pus.
Not before you take a blood test or a scraping HPV treatment with antibiotics. If it is necessary, you should inform your doctor, maybe the tests will be rescheduled for another day.
Why do I have HPV genotyping?
During examination of the patient for the presence of human papilloma virus in the body doctors is extremely important to forecast the possible course of papillomatosis in the future. This detection of the malignancy of papillomas at an early stage will help to avoid patients developing cancer. The accumulation of virus in the blood inevitably subsequently leads to cancer, when the treatment of tumors will be more costly, lengthy and ineffective. While on the question of how much analysis on HPV, this will cost the citizens in private clinics is not more than 400 RUB Analysis in state institutions during planned inspection will not stand for virtually nothing.
Genotyping also helps to identify the type of virus living in the body, its amount in the cells. Individual and undivided attention requires 16-17 types of viruses, as most likely to develop cancer. In this regard, developed a vaccine for HPV as a reaction at high oncogenetic and concentration of viruses in the body.
People at risk (especially women) must take timely tests for HPV at least 1 time per year, to conduct HPV genotyping with the aim of early diagnosis of a possible rebirth in the future, cells in the chain mechanism of DNA in pathological and cancer. Viruses can integrate into DNA structurecells to lead thereby to the HPV, causing the polymerase reaction.
After collection of all these materials and the study of the detection of the virus, patients will be assigned to follow-up treatment.
Of course, over time the body ready to fight infection with the sustained heightened immunity and infection will not occur. The most dangerous virus type 16 for children with poor immune systems are also women during pregnancy. After the incubation period, after 8 weeks would be threatened, transform healthy cells into cancer cells in the cervix of the uterus, especially in young women aged 25 years.
Doctors also recommend constantly to inspect women's genitals and to take a swab from the vagina at home. It is not difficult to do, but doctors all the same I do not advise to be tested in a more sterile hospital environment. Not in the prevention carry out the procedure yourself at the end of 7 days after the menses, at the time of menstruation, during pregnancy and in General in any way to interfere in the vaginal flora. When infected by HPV symptoms such as burning, itching, foul-smelling discharge from the vagina in women or urethra in men, as a rule, already evident, when it is a reason to go to the doctors for tests.