Respiratory mycoplasmosis: from the description of the causative agent before treatment

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A major role in the emergence of the disease is played by the microorganisms of the genus M. Pneumoniae. This disease is widely spread worldwide, is 11-17% of all cases of acute respiratory diseases. And in the period of foci of epidemic respiratory mycoplasmosis can reach up to 35-45%. In addition, the Mycoplasma of this type is characterized by particular age categories. Most often respiratory mycoplasmosis, can be found among small children and schoolchildren. For example, children from 6 - 15 years, these pathogens can occur with a probability of 25-35%, and adolescent children can reach 18-25%, more adults 20-26 years – 15-19% of cases.

Since Mycoplasma does not belong to bacteria or to viruses, they have identified distinct group. How to look Mycoplasma? It's a small not a colonial bacteria, belonging to gram-negative group, capable of living in anaerobic conditions. They do not have independent cell wall and have a pronounced polymorphism. Is the cell wall for protective function meets the cytoplasmic membrane, which is represented by three layers. Another feature of Mycoplasma is the inability to form sterols for the formation of fat layers in the membrane.

But since the microorganism is still in need of cholesterol and other sterols, that he receives from the life processes of a host organism. Due to the fact that mycoplasmas do not have cell walls separate, they are not able to exist in the environment. Also for M. Pneumoniae are inhibiting factors: UV rays, ultrasound, change in pH, temperature indicators and the use of disinfectants.

Appears respiratory mycoplasmosis?

Infection can be transmitted airborne or through the placenta from mother to fetus. Mycoplasma infections of the respiratory tract can be divided into: bronchial and pneumonialike of the disease. Bronchial for very similar to the flu and has the same symptoms.

The ripening period of the disease lasts about 1-2 weeks. Sometimes can occur up to a month. Symptoms that begin disease:

• fever, until the fever,
• chill,
• decreased appetite,
• increased sweating,
• bole and sore throat,
• the emergence of shortness of breath,
• the appearance of phlegm in the throat be irritation and constant severe cough.

Mycoplasma infections of the respiratory tract can last up to several months. When the disease occurs in severe stage, then you need to go to the hospital, under the supervision of doctors. Treatment of Mycoplasma infections of the respiratory tract occurs with antibiotics, expectorants, expectorate medications. For normalization of temperature taking antipyretics and multivitamin preparations. Also for more rapid course of the disease is necessary to take antifungal drugs.

As appears urogenital mycoplasmosis?

Mycoplasmosis manifested depending on the concentration of the causative agent. The period of development of the disease can last from 3-20 days. Usually in most cases, infection occurs during sexual intercourse. But in more rare cases of infection by contact. The disease can occur without manifestation of any symptoms, acutely and chronically. The primary symptoms start with a slight colorless discharge from the vagina or urethra. Then you can begin the symptoms of burning and itching, pain when urinating and cramping pain in the abdomen and appendages. If urogenital mycoplasmosis began in women, you can begin the symptoms of disorders of the monthly cycle, men may experience problems and pain in the region of the scrotum and the rectum.

Mycoplasmosis running smoothly can become chronic. And periodically leaking relapses. The most negative consequences for women are such problems as the loss of fetus in early pregnancy, early childbirth and even the risk not to have children. If the child is on birth infected with Mycoplasma from mother, it is expressed by respiratory problems. Men as well as complications for infertility. Common consequences for men and women can be: pyelonephritis, cystitis, arthritis. Respiratory mycoplasmosis can carry complications such as bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis.

If the treatment occurs correctly, then there may be worse consequences. The most pernicious is the occurrence of encephalitis.

Preventive measures of mycoplasmosis

With no vaccines or sera from Mycoplasma't been invented yet. Therefore as a prophylactic measures for prevention of Mycoplasma infections of the respiratory tract need to adhere to the same recommendations as whenBAWL.

In order to prevent urogenital mycoplasmosis should be removed from your life random untested sexual partners. This is especially true in cases when sex occurs without contraception. Examination of pregnant women examination by a gynecologist should take place with the use of sterile instruments.

Diagnostics

To detect Mycoplasma is a very difficult task. The reason for this is the lack of special symptoms in this disease. All the symptoms may be accompanied by any other pathology. Only in some chronic inflammation of the genitals the doctor may think about the presence of Mycoplasma in a human patient. Only further laboratory diagnosis can confirm or deny suspicions of a doctor.

Laboratory methods that can help to determine mycoplasmosis:

• Bacterioscopic method is carried out using microscopic finding in a smear of Mycoplasma. But there is the difficulty that because of its tiny size it is not always possible to detect pathogens and disease. Therefore, it is not always effective way to detect the disease.
• PCR diagnosis is one of the best methods of finding microorganisms in the human body. Biological material for research may be: the taking of phlegm in the throat, discharge from vagina, mucus from the nose, as well as a swab of male urethra and in women from the cervix. In the study of the material the task of the laboratory to find the pieces of DNA of Mycoplasma, while which you can approve the disease.
• Bacteriological method is the most accurate, but on the other hand the longest. As a biological material using discharge from the genitourinary system or sputum and inoculated in a special environment. Maturation occurs about a week. And there are signs of a week later will be clear, there is a Mycoplasma or not.
• Serologic method is not so often, but it does not carry such a large amount of information as the previous method. As a biological material is blood. It technicians find antibodies that are produced with the appearance of Mycoplasma in the body.
• Immunofluorescence method is very similar to sero, but here the detection of microorganisms occurs by pomezania their coloring substance. When viewing material will be visible luminous bacteria, which are stained with dye.
• Method paired serum – helps you find not only mycoplasmosis, but also to ensure that the treatment is in the right key. To do this, take 2 blood samples. For the first time until the week of the disease, the second after a few weeks of the disease.

Treatment

The main treatment of respiratory mycoplasmosis is accompanied by antibiotics.

Table of antibiotics which can be prescribed for the Mycoplasma Group of antibiotics Called the Tetracyclines Dosage Tetracycline 750-1000mg, 3 times a day, Doxycycline 200mg, 2 times a day Macrolides Sumamed 500mg 1 time a day, Azithromycin 500 mg 1 time per day Clarithromycin 1500mg a day, 3 times a day Erythromycin 2000 mg a day, divided into 4 times Fluoroquinolones Ofloxacin 600mg, 2 times a day, Ciprofloxacin 1000mg, 2 times a day

Antibiotic treatment can last up to a week. However, this can last only when the simple currents of the disease. In severe forms of treatment is about 3 weeks. For each patient the doctor is obliged to pick up individual treatment. In addition to antibiotics must also be taken cough medicines. This can be Soderlin, spray Aqua Maris., which are used when there is strong tormenting cough. To the expectorant drug: Ambroxol, Mucosolvan, ACC and other tools that are not recommended for the expectoration of sputum. To lower the temperature used: paracetamol nimid, ibuprofen. If very sore throat – it is recommended to take an antiseptic sprays – Yoks, for any disease, spray Aqua Maris. and drugs in tablets – Allergy, Strepsils. Admission is carried out every few hours. In severe diseases the treatment should be in hospital.

When urogenital mycoplasmosis in addition to antibiotics, you need to take protivomikrobnye substances. These include fluconazole, miconazole, gynezol. You must also remember that antibiotics are strongly influenced by the intestinal microflora. Therefore, in order not to earn a diarrhea, you need to take: Linex, Bifiform. In order to strengthen the overall health including our immune system requires taking multivitamin preparations: Vitrum, undevit, alphabet. In parallel with this, make the Immunostimulants: Laferon, interferon.

In women to eliminate Mycoplasma are topical vaginal suppositories (metronidazole, gravgun). After the treatment was completed, you must re-examined to see what impact the therapy has on the body. Control study conducted one week after taking the last pill. Gynaecologist needs to take a swab and make a bacteriological examination. To do this study you need 3 times after each monthly cycle. And that's only when all 3 will give a negative answer, then we can assume the patient is healthy.

In men is therapy using ointments or cream that contains protivomikrobnye substances. Such drugs include: metrogyl, oflocin. Theirmust be rubbed into the penis a few times a day for 1-2 weeks. After treatment is necessary also to repeat laboratory studies. All analyses shall be appointed by the urologist or andrologist. In case of negative results can firmly say that the man is completely healthy.