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Toxoplasmosis — Symptoms and signs of toxoplasmosis in humans

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the Toxoplasma parasite, it enters the human body. He gets there by different ways: contact with animals, insect bites, poor heat treatment of meat, not enough careful washing of vegetables and fruits etc.

Once in the intestine, cysts are distributed to internal organs through the bloodstream, settling in the tissues. The impact of the parasite on the tissues of the internal organs is reflected in the consequences which allow to diagnose the disease and start therapy.

Toxoplasmosis in humans is possible in two forms, congenital and acquired.

The causative agent of the disease

Toxoplasmosis and its symptoms in humans – the topic is important, because complications can be serious, and in some forms are fatal. Protozoan parasite Toxoplasma provokes the disease toxoplasmosis. The worm is microscopic in size, to see it with the naked eye is impossible. However, under the microscope, the cyst resembles a slice of orange, light blue or green color.

The microorganism multiplies in the body of animals. With the stool into the soil into the eggs, which for some time are in a state of survival. As the soil grow the plants consumed by people as food, they is a certain amount of larvae.

Therefore, it is important to thoroughly wash plant foods before eating.

In the human body the cysts can live for years, screwing up the tissue of internal organs. Parasites by mechanical action on the tissues, causing inflammation, absorbing nutrients, instead of highlighting the toxic, causing allergic reactions. Despite the fact that the parasite is present in the body, there are times when it does not make sense to treat, as the balance of power is what Toxoplasma gondii does not cause absolutely no harm.

Symptoms

Science is divided into congenital and acquired. The first mother to infect her child, finds a second victim in the ways described above. Congenital is the most dangerous as it affects the immature fruit, leading the pair to horrible complications or even death of the child. Acquired occurs in the chronic form, sometimes even without letting you know. However, possible complications in many internal organs. Therefore, it is important to periodically take blood tests.

In most cases, the disease exists in chronic form, is not very appearing, and sometimes not up to being in a latent form. However, there are the outbreak, usually by lowering the immune system. Symptoms of toxoplasmosis in humans can manifest itself in different ways, so it is important in each case to make history. The following are the most common symptoms of the infection.

Symptoms for the most part these are:

  • the increase in body temperature, sometimes fever (a common symptom of inflammatory processes),
  • irritability, a constant feeling of fatigue and apathy as a consequence of consumption by the parasite of nutrients needed by the body,
  • migraine testifying to the defeat of the digestive tract,
  • expand the lymph nodes, spleen, sometimes the liver,
  • pain in the joints observed in the CNS and ODE,
  • change in heart rhythm, low blood pressure, indicating the movement of disease in the cardiovascular system,
  • possible loss of appetite, dryness in the mouth – these are signs of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract,
  • decrease in level of view, expressed in myopia,

Diagnostics

The patient interviews can only provide orienting data for subsequent history. Significant is the question as to whether the consumed human meat raw or poorly processed form.

Signs of toxoplasmosis are detected by the following means. For the formation of the presence of the disease are immune-enzyme analysis, the subject of which may include blood or other biological fluid. Is often a combination of analyses of substances from different areas of the body. In the laboratory established the presence or absence of antibodies, and the duration of the presence of the patient's disease.

It is important to know how to manifest toxoplasmosis to when symptoms persist, immediately consult a specialist.

As the disease toxoplasmosis often occurs in a latent form, not speaking, there is a big percentage of the infected population. People are unaware of having the disease, but not bremenas his presence. Statistics say that about 50-60% of the population of the globe.

Treatment

Toxoplasmosis, its symptoms and treatment that will be assigned, directly connected, as the disease can manifest itself in different ways, affecting different organs. Therapy with the drugs.

Appointmentscan vary as a consequence of various forms of the disease and its zone of destruction. To the question "how to treat the disease" in each individual case are different answers. However, several items used less often.

Toxoplasmosis in women need to be treated to avoid fetal appearance of the disease in the fetus.

Sharp variation is treated with the following drugs:

  • Fansidar and delagil,
  • antibiotics tetracycline group,
  • sulfa drugs,
  • vitamins, antihistamines, such as tavegil or suprastin,
  • immunomodulatory therapy by intradermal administration of Toxoplasma,
  • "Biseptol" or "Rapamycin" courses prescribed by the doctor,
  • hormonal "Dekaris", "Taktivin" and immunotherapy,
  • strengthen the intestinal flora "Phlogenzym" or "Vobenzim»,

All are used to treat toxoplasmosis. Successful treatment of acquired forms of the disease retreats for life, immunity is formed. This course of treatment is most favorable. However, neglected diseases can jump in HIV encephalitis, cerebral edema, optic nerve atrophy, endocarditis or pneumonia.

Thus, timely diagnosis can lead to positive results. At the onset of symptoms should contact a physician to get tested. Such preventive measures reduce the risk of complications.

Congenital variant – the phenomenon is much more dangerous than acquired. Intrauterine foetal damage may lead to his death. The cases of birth defects in different areas of the body. Among the possible side effects congenital disease secrete weakness, low muscle tone, pathologies of the Central nervous system and red rash on the body. Possible congenital strabismus or blindness.

What is the effect on bodies

The disease often manifests itself not common symptoms associated with malaise or fever, and lesions of the tissues of internal organs and blood vessels. Because of the diversity of manifestations, the disease is often confused with other, so it's important to have a clear history in each case.

With the defeat of heart and vessels may experience pain in the heart area, the instability of the rhythm of the heart muscle, constantly varying blood pressure level. If the parasite settled in the gut, hitting the digestive tract, symptoms are usually the following: frequent change of appetite, dry mouth or bloating. If it hits the nervous system and musculoskeletal system, there are pains in muscles of legs, back, arms and neck.

Toxoplasmosis in humans is not contagious because the infection can be transferred through intermediate hosts – animals. Therefore, patients are not isolated in the quarantine, treatment should not necessarily be held in the hospital.

To make a correct anamnesis and to localize the infection can only be a professional, so please don't use self-medication and traditional medicine. So you may not achieve anything, or even make the situation worse.

Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy

Baby to be born healthy, it is necessary to take seriously the process of pregnancy namely to protect the expectant mother from all sorts of infections. If the mother has at the time of birth of the child of the disease, then there is a great risk that the child will have a number of pathologies.

A pregnant woman should regularly take blood tests, avoid contact with Pets, especially cats, as they are the most common carrier of the cysts.

If the disease occurs within the first three months of pregnancy, the tactic of therapy can vary. Monitoring is carried out by a parasitologist and infectious disease. In the second trimester of pregnancy is possible, the treatment of women in the risk group according to the test results. If it finds an acute form in the early stages of pregnancy up to three months in particular, the possible termination of pregnancy.

Women who bears a child should be to sensitively listen to your body. If you experience the slightest symptoms should immediately seek medical attention.

Prevention

To avoid infection and complications, helps regular clinical examination, blood testing for the presence of Toxoplasma antibodies. Great importance it has for women who intend to become pregnant. As those who have a congenital illness, there is a large number of pathologies, coupled with a General decline in immunity and susceptibility to complications.

General measures to prevent disease are:

  • quality heat treatment of meat that you want to boil or fry,
  • thorough washing plant foods: greens, berries, fruits, vegetables,
  • the implementation of the rules of personal hygiene, especially after contact with animals, even domestic,
  • the extermination of insects in premises, in particular flies and cockroaches are carriers of infection,

Folk remedies with the disease is ineffective, it is better to seek professional help. Correct diagnosis will lead to a qualitative and rapid treatment will help avoid complications.

Sum up

Summarizing all the above, it is worth noting a number of positions. Called infected by a parasite that enters the body through food, insect bites and contact with animals. Intermediate host of the worm – animal, final – man. The disease affects the immune system,there are complications in the form of internal organ.

The most dangerous disease for pregnant women because the fetus is defenseless. It is important to be tested regularly for the disease: blood, urine.

When symptoms should immediately contact a physician. Treatment varies in each case. Treatment is mainly through medication, intravenously or in pill form. After recovery of immunity is formed, contributing to absolute immunity to the parasite. Prevention associated with hygiene, careful handling of food and cleaning the premises.