Protozoa parasites List of parasites in the human body

The Kingdom Protozoa is sometimes referred to as single-Celled organisms. His representatives have one cell constant shape, as in ciliates, and moving through the cytoplasm as the amoeba. The body of these creatures consists of nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles.

The process of cell division occurs through mitosis, although in some species fertilization happens through sexual intercourse, with the subsequent formation of the zygote. The majority of parasites are heterotrophs, although there are also autotrophs.

If the deterioration of conditions for life, these creatures form a cyst, so called, a dormant state, when the cage is hiding behind a thick shell, rounded and deprived of organelles movement.

Parasitism

This kind of complex relationship of two beings, when a parasite uses another organism as a habitat or food resource.

Organism in which a parasite lives is called host. It can be permanent, when the parasite is in this whole cycle of its development and staging, when a pathogenic organism spends in it only a certain stage in the cycle of life.

Parasitism among protozoa, a type of interaction that involves not only to live and parasitize at the expense of another, but also represents a danger to the life of the host, since many species of parasites cause severe disease in humans, livestock, crops.

Protozoan parasites of man was chosen by almost all organs and systems of the human body are growing and sometimes live in it over the years. This symbiosis leads to the chronicity of the disease and reduce the effectiveness of the treatment process.

Pathways in the body:

• the hand to mouth,
• through the skin,
• contact,
• transmission from mother to fetus,
• insect bites, animal,

A comprehensive study of the phenomenon of parasitism, biology of parasites and their area of spread, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of parasitic diseases.

Pathogenic protozoa parasites causing different forms of disease, live almost everywhere. This fresh and salt water, soil, various household items and appliances, public places. Infections caused by protozoa, protozoan called or protozoas.

Protozoan parasites

Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplazma gondii) is a species of parasite, the primary host are cats. Can also be transported by warm-blooded animals and humans. A disease caused by Toxoplasma is called toxoplasmosis. The course of the disease is easy, with the exception of injury of the fetus inside the mother's womb during pregnancy, which poses serious consequences for both the mother and fetus, even death.

Amoeba simple unicellular organism that is considered to be one of the first creatures that lived on Earth. The disease caused by the amoeba, is called amebiasis. Intestinal infection, with a predominantly ulcerative lesions of the large intestine with the emergence of bloody diarrhea, a possible formation of secondary intestinal lesions having a tendency to chronic course.

Malaria parasites – the simplest single-celled creatures, in the development cycle of which the person is a temporary owner, and the mosquito – permanent. In the human body parasite Plasmodium is presented in 4 types:

• P. malarie – the four malaria,
• P. vivax — falciparum malaria,
• P. ovale — ovale three-day malaria,
• P. falciparum — tropical malaria,

The disease is characterized by bouts of fever, where the presence of chills, temperature increase to 40°, with a length of 6-12 hours.

The interval between bursts depends on the type of pathogen. Besides all this anemia, because the parasite affects the blood cells erythrocytes.

Giardia — protozoan pear-shaped, which have two nuclei and four pairs of flagella. The main source is pigs and human beings. Giardiasis is a common disease with a primary lesion of the liver and small intestine. The disease can occur in mild or severe form.

Pathways in the body:

• water through the dirty water,
• contact – household – items, clothes, utensils,
• alimentary – through the dirty vegetables, fruits, foods that have not undergone heat treatment.

Sometimes it so happens that the media parasites not sick, and only a carrier and identifies the pathogen in the external environment. The development of the disease it is enough to enter the human body only a few Giardia cysts.

Disease prevention consists in observance of rules of personal and public hygiene.

Leishmania – representatives of this genus cause leishmaniasis. The vectors are mosquitoes. The main contingent of the lesion are humans, rodents, mammals. For the full development of the pathogenic organism requires two hosts. This mosquito and a vertebrate representative.

Human disease caused by Leishmania invasion:

• visceral leishmaniasis (fever dum-Dum) – there is a lesion of the internal organs,
• skin leishmaniasis (Baghdad ulcer) is a skin lesion most often the head, with subsequentscar formation,
• leishmaniasis of the skin and mucous membranes is manifested severe destructive lesions of skin and mucous membranes
• Prevention consists of rehabilitation centers for the breeding of mosquitoes, rodents, control over the number of dogs, the burial of dead animals.

Trichomonas – flagellated single-celled organisms are pear-shaped, causes the disease trichomoniasis, sexually transmitted and affect the genitourinary system. It is perceptible that the sick men and women, but in men the disease is usually asymptomatic.

Complication of trichomoniasis may be lesions in the epididymis, which could lead to infertility in men. In women affected mucosa of the vagina, where the pathogen can spread to the uterus and the appendages of the ovaries.

Trypanosoma is a genus of unicellular flagellate protists. Cause severe disease trypanosomiasis, a deadly threat to humans are sleeping sickness. A carrier of trypanosomes are bedbugs, tsetse flies. In the host's body the parasite multiplies under the skin, then penetrate the lymphatic system and blood. The majority of pathogens is located in the spinal cord and brain, where it destroys cells and secrete their toxins.

Conclusion

In the early 21st century may be noted that mankind has achieved a lot in the development of Parasitology. The message of a new discovery of a drug is always joy is perceived by people today who need help and treatment.

Protozoa human parasites are still a major problem in many countries, where the level of development of medicine and society as a whole, leaves much to be desired. On our planet there are still many places where rampant diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, leishmaniasis and many others. And people wait and hope for a chance at a life without the disease is at all.

And most importantly is to always remember the rules of personal and public hygiene, and to know that we are surrounded by an invisible world of protozoa, viruses and bacteria, ready at any moment to use the human body as a comfortable home, a huge food resource and protection from enemies.

Parasitic diseases in our time are urgent, require social interaction in all spheres of human activity, aimed at improving the provision of healthcare services, compliance with the rules and norms of personal and public hygiene, preventive measures and sanitary-educational work, sanitation of natural foci of stay of pathogenic organisms.

At the moment, in many countries, conducts scientific research in the field of Parasitologists:

• development of scientific bases and methods for monitoring communicable and parasitic infections,
• to study the biological characteristics and variability of pathogens of major diseases caused by protozoan parasites,
• quality control and environmental safety of meat and fish products,
• to conduct fundamental research to explore the development of pathogens of parasitic diseases, their genetic variability, ecology.