Fungi parasites — General characteristics, description and photos

Mushrooms belong to a separate Kingdom, since they combine the property of plants and animals. They play an important role in the natural processes of the biosphere.

There are a huge number of species. But in the article we will talk about parasitic. They cause harm to the body on which to settle, and after the host dies due to lack of nutrients.

We know what mushrooms are parasites on what plants they can parasitize. Look like mushrooms, all about mushrooms.

General characteristic

All mushrooms that belong to the parasites entirely dependent on host, as the host it environment for existence. Plants and animals, which settled these pests can live for several years. All depends on the structure of the host, and what kinds of mushrooms. For example, large trees can live with them for several years.

To live these organisms, not only on plants but also on human, animals. They are able to cause severe diseases. The diseases associated with them need to start treating as early as possible, to avoid disastrous consequences.

Very great harm fungi parasites cause agriculture and forestry (ruining the trees and crops). But not all plants they can stay.

What types are?

All fungi which are parasites, are formed into two distinct species:

1. "Obligate parasites" — these are fungi that live directly in the body of the host (rust, smut and mocarsky). They are anaerobic and consume a certain set of required elements. Their life depends on the life of his master. Therefore, they adapt to everything, before the onset of cold weather, they are able to form spores. They have all the fixtures to settle in the body of the plant, and after that have to pick up needed nutrients.
2. "Facultative parasites" — they are saprotrophs and lead this way of life is not constant, but only sometimes. For a start, they settle on the plant, destroying it, and once the plant dies starting to eat his leftovers. A big minus is that these parasitic organisms are able to settle down anywhere striking example of this is when fungi (late blight ) is located on potato, nightshade, pepper, and other plants.

Examples of parasitic fungi

Below written will be that affect fungi parasites and see their examples. In the world there are so many of these parasitic microorganisms, they affect insects, plants, humans, vertebrates and many other living creatures on the planet.

Smut — (Ustilaginales). These pests settle on plants, and destroys their tissue. On top of the vegetable body is covered with a coating, similar to soot. Smut is a parasite lives only on certain plants (usually wheat and rye, in General on the cereal.

A certain kind of parasite affects different types of plants. To fight these harmful microorganisms is almost impossible. It is best to handle the plowed earth and the seeds just before sowing. Spores are very resistant to etching, and in the winter they re-formed in a protective shell. And in the spring again appear and infect neighboring grains.

Obvious examples are corn, oats, wheat, barley, rye and others. Found not only on crops, but also wild.

Ergot fungus (Clavicipitaceae) is formed instead of the grains in the rye or other cereal. Probably not one farmer seen this in the field.

This is a very poisonous organism, it is grown in special conditions for use in medicine (they make drugs). Early due to these pests had an epidemic and many people died or were poisoned. They also like smut resistant to cold and poison, but they can be addressed.

Rzhavchiny (Uredinales) — usually affect stems, leaves and seeds of plants, total aboveground part. Great harm to gardeners and farmers, so as to settle on the Apple-trees, pears, cereal, tomato, many solanaceous and other.

This is a very sharply reduces the yield and lowers the quality of fruits and vegetables. They grow in plant tissue and in the intercellular substance of the cells are distributed throughout the plant on leaves and stems are dark or colored spots or dots.

They develop in five stages and can span multiple plants at the same time. You can fight with them, just need time to treat and properly care for the crops.

Other parasitic fungi affecting crops. In addition to these pests, there are so many other parasites. It is late blight, scab, olpidium, powdery mildew and many other pests.

They cause great damage to growers, farmers and ordinary gardeners, affecting crops. Can settle not only on annual crops (cucumbers, tomatoes) and perennials for a variety of shrubs and trees.

To protect their crops need time to cultivate their culture of different fungicides. Besides ityou should work the soil, as some pathogens can hide their spores in the soil, even being there for several years. And already infected plants should be disposed of (to burn).

Polypore (Polyporus) — these parasites are found everywhere on the trees. Have different sizes and colors. One of the most popular is tinder. They grow on wood, very rarely found in the soil. They are similar to regular pileate mushrooms, only without legs and sit on the tree. Meet soft odrevesnevshie (like a cork). They cause enormous damage to forest crops, destroying the wood.

During any damage by frost, sun, human or animal, the spores penetrate into these wounds and infect the tree. Gradually proliferating across the developing mycelium. Some types of parasites are developing for several years, and others for a year can grow and destroy the tree.

Later herbal body turns into dust. It is not suitable for further use. Wood unsuitable for construction, it is very brittle and fragile. Tinder is very much like a cow's hoof (semicircular). Quite often you can find that they grow for each other.

If you saw the tree of tinder, it should be removed and preferably burned. If it does not burn, it may grow on another tree. On the underside of the polypore spores are, they can cause the fungi to other trees. But one of the parasitic fungi used in folk medicine. This is chaga, from it is prepared infusions, for oral administration. There's even a theory that he is struggling with cancer.

There are pathogenic microorganisms which are harmful to agriculture, cottagers, farmers. But there are useful, which are used as pest control, namely insects. We all know how much harm it brings the locust, it can successfully neutralize with drugs, made on the basis of some pathogenic fungi.

A huge number of microorganisms that settle on animals, fish and even man. Animals (even Pets, if it is not to care) any body can settle this organism (their favorite place ears).

Also a large number of parasites harmful to man. Cause various infections, allergies, poisoning. Many serious diseases arise as a consequence of being in the body of these pests.

So, this post has provided you with information on what are parasites mushrooms. Now you can know which organisms they settle, what harm cause not only agriculture and farmers, but man, causing various diseases.