Opisthorchiasis Symptoms and treatment of opisthorchiasis in children and adults

At the end of the 19th century Italian doctor by the name of Rivolta discovered an unknown form of the worm. The parasite is acquired in the body of a cat. What for began to dissect the poor animal Italian is not known. But the victim in the field of science, the cat became a co-discoverer. Though posthumously.

A few years later the existence of the helminth confirmed the scientist from Tomsk. Mr. Vinogradov did not fall to the dissection of domestic animals, but found at autopsy of a human corpse is exactly the same worm as that of his Italian predecessor. Comparing the description of the Italian the thing Vinogradov realized that he was dealing with exactly the same individuals as that of his foreign counterpart.

Since then, humanity learned about the disease that with a light hand Siberian researcher called opisthorchiasis. The causative agent is called cat or Siberian Fluke, due to the deceased under the surgical scalpel of the cat and to the Siberian location Vinogradova.

Where does this infection, how it can manifest, what are the signs of opisthorchiasis how to cure the sick? The answers to these questions lie in the plane of consumption, in this case fish. It was through her there is an infection.In order to test the effectiveness of the treatment against the disease opisthorchiasis, by putting feces and blood, and their verification by the technician. If the tests came back negative, and you were not some symptoms like, headache, weakness – don't worry! It is a residual phenomenon. Your body is moving away from the disease.

Treatment, medication and folk of opisthorchiasis in time can be fast and may be long. During or after treatment, it would be nice to diagnose your body and to other ailments which might arise in the process of opisthorchiasis. These include pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, abscess, pancreatic cancer, forming in the gall bladder sand and stones, cholangitis, cessation of the outflow of bile. After all, any disease is easier to prevent than to treat, wasting health, time and money.

The cause of the disease – worms

Thus, the parasite enters the human body via contaminated fish. But she is the first station on the way to person. Initially, the worms settle within the shellfish. This occurs in shallow, ephemeral ponds or shallow floodplains of rivers. The clam, feeding on various organic matter, swallows worm eggs that food selection in animals or man was in the environment.

In mollusk parasite is until, until the eggs hatch larvae. Then they leave a living incubator, falling directly into the pond, and contaminate the fish. There the larva feels great, is actively parasitic way of life and after 45 days ready to move on and infect people. Speaking bureaucratic language, it becomes invasive.

It should be noted that human infection occurs due to insufficient heat treatment of the product. That is, the fish food rare, undercooked or even raw. That is why the opisthorchiasis affected indigenous peoples of the North have a strong tradition of sarojadevi. Among the adult population in the far North opisthorchiasis suffer from 80% to 100% of the adult population. Traditional treatment Cologne or fire water not profit. Treatment of opisthorchiasis in adults should be more progressive methods.

Mode of transmission

Fluke affects not all water inhabitants. For marine species it is not threatened, and infected with the worm inhabitants of freshwater rivers. However, not all. Among the risk groups — the representatives of the carp family, the bream, IDE, saber fish, and others like them. If someone asks whether the pike, the answer is this: Yes, it happens. But quite rare.

Based on the fact that Fluke is a parasite in fresh water, you can determine the area of its habitat. The greatest activity the worm was noted in the lower reaches of the Irtysh river, the middle Ob, in line with other Siberian rivers. Also to catch fish in the basins of the Volga, Dnieper, Dniester.

Once in the human body, the worms settle in the liver, the gallbladder or in the pancreas. Two weeks later, they reach the age of sexual maturity and begin to lay eggs, which can retain their activity for more than a year. Once in favorable conditions, the parasite can exist in the human body for up to 20 years and to act on the owner significantly.

The accumulation of worms may lead to blockage of bile channels that often causes inflammation. The waste products of the parasites cause allergies, metabolic disorders, decreased immunity.

Symptom of disease

The symptoms of opisthorchiasis in children and adults manifested after the helminths. The course of the disease depends on the following factors:

• the time elapsed sinceinfections,
• the activity of the worms,
• health infected.

There are two forms of the disease: acute and chronic. The acute form lasts no more than 60 days and chronic can last for decades. When found the opisthorchiasis, there are appropriate symptoms and signs, you should immediately begin treatment, after taking tests in adults and children. The symptoms characterizing the acute stage of the disease, are the following:

• pain in right side,
• elevated temperature,
• the volume change of the liver or gall bladder,
• constant flatulence,
• heartburn,
• aching muscle and joint pain,
• diarrhea,
• absence of appetite.

Symptoms in the chronic stage are similar to the symptoms associated with liver and pancreas, and appear the following symptoms:

• pain right side under ribs,
• pain attacks in the chest,
• indigestion,
• aversion to meat and fatty food.

A side effect is manifested in the form of skin rashes red in color. In the advanced form of the disease affects the intestines, which leads to severe constipation, metabolic disorders and tumors.

Diagnostics

Diagnostics take into account the data about the epidemiological status of the region. Another detecting method — an appeal to statistical calculations. Additional risks that lead to infection include factors such as:

• the possibility of eating raw or insufficiently cooked fish,
• the number of cases of invasion by a number of residents of the region,
• belonging to a particular ethnic group (meaning the peoples who inhabit some areas of the far North).

Diagnosis of opisthorchiasis is performed by using taking a stool sample or a mixture of gastric juice, pancreatic enzymes and duodenal ulcers. If the person is infected with the Siberian Fluke, the analyses will attend to the eggs of the parasite. It should be mentioned that before to identify the disease, you need to wait 30 days, as the worms may not be able to lay eggs.

Tests should be taken, not once, but 3 or 4, so as to detect the eggs is not always. If 1 g of feces is less than 100 eggs of the Fluke, the disease is regarded as easy. If in the same volume there are more than 30 000 eggs, it is believed that patients with a severe form of infestation.

Adult worms can be identified using endoscopy, examining internal organs. Also performed ultrasound, in this case to recognize the presence of worms can be when you change the volume of the liver, pancreas, blockage of the bile ducts, formation of inflammatory lesions.

A blood test is another diagnostic method. It can show the change in the number of blood cells and an increased production of a protein reacting to the appearance of parasites in the body.

Treatment

The majority of people do not know how to treat opisthorchiasis adults and children. In the worst case, as it is the individual representatives of the Northern peoples as a medicine used Cologne or strong drinks. At best the patient is treated medical drugs. And the other way is unlikely to lead to positive results. The treatment of the disease should be performed in the hospital under observation of doctors. Your doctor will prescribe a comprehensive treatment, which is divided into three stages:

• preparatory,
• basic,
• rehabilitative.

During the preparatory phase, carry out activities aimed at removing allergic and anti-inflammatory symptoms. Measures that contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes, apply processes that contribute to detoxification. A careful approach to the preparatory phase necessary for the successful treatment of the disease. At this point, the patient is prescribed anti-Allergy medications, tablets to improve liver and pancreas, antibiotics joint actions.

The primary stage of treatment involves receiving anthelmintic drugs, such as:

• albendazol,
• praziquantel,
• hloksila.

They act directly on the parasites themselves, destroying them on a cellular level or paralyzing the muscle tissue. Both leads to the death of worms and the subsequent withdrawal from the body in a natural way.

Rehabilitation provides rehabilitation therapy. At this point, the importance of timely bowel movements. If in this respect there are difficulties, the patient is prescribed a laxative medicine. Rehabilitation used drugs, improves liver function and promotes better circulation of bile.

Prevention

Preventive measures to prevent infection Siberian Fluke, is simple: should be thoroughly cooked or boiled food fish. To worms killed, it is necessary to follow the following rules:

• frying to produce not less than 15 minutes,
• boil the fish needs at least 20 minutes. If large pieces, then 20 minutes,
• cakes with fish, you must produce about an hour.

To kill the worms in the infected product, you can resort to the deep freeze. Here the rules are as follows:

• at a temperature of -40C parasites die after 7 hours,
• under -35S – 14 hours,
• at -25 – 35hours'.