Flat worms — allocation System from flat worms

A group of flat worms is a class of protozoa of invertebrates. There are about 13 thousand species of worms. In Russia they found more than 2 thousand. Of this number, 9 thousand parasites live in the human body or animal body. Active disease they cause disease and serious complications. So start the disease does not, in some cases nematodes lead to the death of the owner. Live infestation in fresh water, salt water, most like the soil, grass, moss.
Primitive free-living flat worms, other predators, have a soft body divided into two halves symmetrically. Bilateral symmetry is due to right-half and left, there is ventral and dorsal side. Pronounced head region and tail. Under cover of the body are muscle fibers. The first side consists of the cells with loose consistency, is called parenchyma. In it are all the internal organs of worms. The organ of respiration in flatworms is missing, some do not need air.

The group identifies 7 types of names:

• ciliary,
• monogenea,
• testoobraznaja,
• ribbon,
• trematodes,
• degenerescence flukes,
• gyrocotylidea,
• aspidogastrea,

Leading exclusively lifestyle at the expense of the owner will be all six classes except the ciliary.

General characteristic

The name of the worm is received from a tape shape which is tapered. The body is solid muscle, covered with a single layer of epithelium. The muscular layer of the transverse. The constant downsizing woven bundles provide worm-like movements of contraction. Nematodes often are hermaphrodites, that is, reproduction occurs without the presence of the opposite sex. Reproductive system of flatworms consists of the seminiferous tubules and ovaries. Some microorganisms have the digestive system including the intestines. The anus and circulatory system may be missing. The intestine consists of the cecum, the ingestion of food begins with the mouth of the Department, which goes to secondary Department and to digest. Undigested quantities of food thrown back into the oral cavity. In small classes, the stomach forms one straight, major branches. Some great largest creatures include anal pores, however, it is still rare. Because the message has no of the respiratory tract, it means that the majority of microbes coexist without oxygen. Most anaerobes do not have the digestive tract, also back colon. Absorption of food occurs osmotically. This means that minerals suitable elements penetrate through the body.

The nervous system is called diffuse, represented by the head node and trunks off of it, stretch along the whole body. Places where nerve endings are provided with contractile movements. Free-living population contains the eyes, olfactory and tactile center, the balance, which are located in the head compartment.

As mentioned earlier in the article the internal organs are not separated by anything, only connecting tissue. Parenchyma protects against the harmful effects of factors, performs a supporting function and metabolism, accumulates nutrients in reserve. Here worms called parenchyme or besplatnymi. The parasites of the allocation is the protonefridiev. They have been removing products of dissimilation, which components get into the intercellular space. Where chase ciliated cells with tufts of cilia. Of cells are the excretory tubules. Fluctuations drive the decomposition products through the channels. Latest unite in larger tubes, flows into the left and right share. Blending together cast selection.

Overview of ciliated parasites

The ciliary cover 2000 thousands of nematodes. The turbellarians are found throughout the world, most in the water where they first originated. Predators by nature, eat small microorganisms, insects, protozoa. There's a devil in the intestinal representatives, and individuals with straight abdominal cavity. Representative ciliated planaria.

In length the animal is about 10 millimeters, band forms. The torso is covered with a ciliated covering. The body wall consists of skin with muscles. Muscle fibers make up the 3 layers of oblique, longitudinal and circumferential, at the expense of germs easy to move around and mutate. In the cavity of the bag between bodies located parenchyma. Mouth opening is on the abdomen or in the middle of the body, also in the tail. Subtypes do not have a ciliary tract to digest food phagocytic cells. Other nutrients are absorbed through the mouth, the remains are thrown out there. Excretory appointed by the protonefridiev. Leaves with fluctuating clusters of lashes. The channels is the penetration of the components, then moves to the lumen of the stomach andemissive power is drained from the pores.

Impulses of nerves are in the home end. Pair brain node trunks, of which the largest side contain nerve cells and branches. Diametrically bonded bridges circular due to this there is a semblance of a grid. The tactile factors are on the skin of the skin, the eyes, can be single or paired. Multiply without the help of a partner.

Belt of invasion

This includes 4,000 agents. Classified as a parasitic form living in the stomach of man or mammals. It feeds and multiplies at the expense of the owner. In the external environment of the eggs and larvae are found in a conserved form. The activity is 45 days, then comes death. From the disastrous effects of the embryos protects the special shell. Thanks to her, the embryos are not afraid of cold, heat, moisture, radiation and chemical exposure. The life cycle is primitive. Once in the body of the belt take off the membrane and move into the abdominal cavity, the process of transformation in adult is 7 days. The larvae migrate through the lungs, blood vessels, blood. Reaching sexual maturity do reproduce. The output is carried out by emptying.

Digestion is well developed in connection with the main work to suck nutrients. The torso of bioelement is from 1 mm to 15 metres. Starts with the head goes into the neck and ends at the anal passage. At the start area there are hooks with them, the simplest are fixed on a mucosal surface. How are the muscles of the flatworms? No different from other types. In nematodes there are circular and longitudinal muscles with dorsoventrally bundles. Poorly formed nerve and olfactory centers. The main work tape is to reproduce offspring. Therefore, once endowed with both male and female functions. The female is able to generate per day to 200 thousand eggs. Actively the fruit worms their movements violate the integrity of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby causing bleeding. Can enter the lungs, pancreas, heart. Running stage lead to serious complications, the healing becomes difficult.

Monogenea

To the family band are ranked monogamous flukes. Have an elongated, rarely rounded shape. At the end of the fixed disk. Raptor serves as the instrument of attaching hooks or clips, muscular suckers. A length of the parasites is not greater than 1 mm, colorless, so you can view the insides of a worm. Besplatny class, a cavity filled with soft connective tissues.

What is their goal? To parasitize at the expense of others. Actively developed and powerful mouth muscles. Circulatory system and not breathing. Stand out products of processing through the 2 holes that are on the sides. Gender may exist as a women's and men's destiny.

A genus of trematodes, Cestoda, aspidogastrea, gyrocotylidea and treat ekstroem animals. They have no sensory organs, malformed nervous system. The last 2 found in shellfish and fish.

How can you get sick?

Learn about flat worms, which have invaded the body by numerous symptoms. Disease caused by worms is called helminthiasis. Requires timely treatment. She especially susceptible children at preschool age, since the lack of hygiene of hands provokes the risk of catching a worm. The chronic stage is fraught with dangerous consequences, pinworms can be up to several years, poisoning the host body.

The main ways of infection serve:

• drinking from contaminated springs and bathing in them,
• contact with an infected,
• bad processing of fruits and vegetables,
• dirty hand,

In order to prevent intruders need to wash the hands before each meal, not to drink unboiled water from the tap. To monitor the hand hygiene of the child, especially after visiting the streets and games with Pets. Rinse fruits and vegetables under running water. To carry out properly thermal processing of meat, fish.

Symptoms

That in the body is infested of infestation can be recognized by certain factors. Some are pronounced due to the development of microbes in large quantities, the presence of the other almost imperceptibly. The process of separation of substances leading to intoxication.

The classic signals are a:

1. allergic rashes on the body,
2. diarrhea and nausea,
3. headache,
4. the high temperature in the acute phase,
5. poor appetite,

If You notice the distinctive signals don't ignore going to the doctor. In addition to be tested once a year at acarids necessary for all without exception.