Anaerobic bacteria — Classification of anaerobic bacteria and infection

Bacteria are everywhere, their number is huge, different types. Anaerobic bacteria – the same types of microorganisms. Can develop and live independently, whether there is oxygen in the environments of their food or it does not exist at all. Energy anaerobic bacteria obtained in substrate phosphorylation. There are aerobic facultative, obligate, or other species of anaerobic bacteria.

List of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria

Optional types of bacteria is almost everywhere. The reason for their existence – changing one metabolic pathway to another. To this type include E. coli, Staphylococcus, Shigella, other. This is a dangerous anaerobic bacteria. If there is no free oxygen, obligate bacteria are killed. Are the classes:

1. Clostridium – obligate types of aerobic bacteria, unable to sporulate. It is the causative agents of botulism or tetanus.
2. Non-clostridial anaerobic bacteria. Species of microflora living organisms. Play a significant role in the formation of various purulent and inflammatory diseases. Nonspore types of bacteria live in the mouth, in the digestive tract. On the skin, in the genital organs of women.
3. Capailities anaerobes. Live at the exaggerated accumulation of carbon dioxide.
4. Aerotolerant bacteria. In the presence of molecular oxygen this type of breathing microorganisms anyone has. But does not die.
5. Moderately strong types of anaerobes. In an environment with oxygen do not die, do not reproduce. Bacteria of this species for life require a nutritional environment with reduced pressure.

Anaerobes – Bacteroides

Considered to be more important aerobic bacteria. 50% share of all inflammatory and suppurative types. Pathogens include anaerobic bacteria or Bacteroides. It is an obligate gram-negative types of bacteria. Sticks with bipolar paintability and sizes and from 0.5 to 1.5, in the area approximately 15 µm. Can produce the production of enzymes, toxins, induce virulence. Depend on resistance to antibiotics. Can be sustainable, or just sensitive. All anaerobic microorganisms are very resistant.

The formation energy for a gram-negative obligate anaerobes is realized in human tissues. Some of the tissues of the organisms have an increased resistance to the decreased value of oxygen in the nutritional environment. In terms of the standard synthesis of ATP only occurs aerobically. This occurs when increased physical effort, inflammation, both of which are anaerobes.

ATP is adenosine triphosphate or acid which appears during the formation of energy in the body. There are several variations of the synthesis of this substance. One of them is aerobic, or is three variations of anaerobes. Anaerobic mechanisms for the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate:

• perestrelivali, which is carried out between adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate,
• education transphosphorylate molecules of ATP,
• anaerobic breakdown of components of blood glucose and glycogen.

Education anaerobes

The purpose of Microbiology – cultivation of bacteria anaerobes. To accomplish this requires specialized microflora, and the concentration of metabolites. It is commonly used in studies of a different nature. For example, detection of parasites that live in every human being. It is the parasites can cause different types of diseases. There are special techniques for cultivation of anaerobes. Occur during the replacement of air mixture of gases. The action takes place in thermostats with sealing. So grow anaerobes. Another method is the cultivation of microorganisms with the addition of the reducing means.

Food

There is a sphere of power with a common or differential diagnostic. The base – form of the Wilson-Blair is agar-agar, among the components having a content of glucose, 2-iron chloride, sodium sulfite. Among them are colonies that are called black. The scope of the ressel used in the study of biochemical qualities of bacteria called Salmonella or Shigella. This environment may in part have and glucose, and agar-agar.

Wednesday Ploskireva such that can inhibit the growth of some microorganisms. They form a set. For this reason, it is used for possible differential diagnostic. Here can produce dysenteric pathogens, typhoid and other pathogenic anaerobes. The main direction of the environment Ugarov bismuth-sulfite – this method is the selection of Salmonella. This is accomplished by the ability of Salmonella to produce hydrogen sulfide.

In the body of every living species, many anaerobes. They cause them various types of infectious diseases.Infection infection can occur only when a weakened immune system or a disruption of the microflora. There is a likelihood of infections in living organism from the environment. It may be autumn, in winter. That infection is maintained for the listed periods. Called disease sometimes causes complications.

Infection caused by microorganisms – anaerobic bacteria are directly linked with the flora of the mucous membranes of living beings. Accommodation places anaerobes. Each infection there are several pathogens. Their number usually reaches up to ten. Completely updated the number of disease causing anaerobic, to determine with accuracy is impossible. Due to the difficult screening materials intended for studying transport samples, definition of bacteria. So, these components are often only found during chronic inflammation in humans. This is an example of careless attitude to their health.

Anaerobic infections periodically subjected to absolutely all people with different ages. In small children the degree of infection of inflammation much more than people of other age groups. Anaerobic bacteria often cause human diseases inside the skull. Abscesses, meningitis, and other diseases. The proliferation of anaerobes occurs with blood flow.

If a person has a chronic disease, the anaerobes can form abnormalities in the neck or head. Example: abscesses, otitis media, or lymphadenitis. Bacteria are dangerous for the digestive tract, lungs patients. If women exist diseases of the genitourinary system, there is a risk of anaerobic infections. Different diseases of the skin, the joints is also a consequence of living anaerobes. This method is one of the first indicates the presence of infection.

The reasons for the emergence of infectious diseases

To the emergence of human infections result in those processes in which his body gets energetic bacteria-anaerobes. The development of the disease may be accompanied by erratic blood circulation, the appearance of tissue necrosis. It can a trauma of a different nature, swelling, swelling, disorders of blood vessels. The emergence of infections in the oral cavity, diseases of lungs, pelvic inflammatory disease, other disease.

The infection may develop peculiar for each species. The development affects the type of pathogen, the patient's health. To diagnose such infections is difficult. The seriousness of the diagnosis is often based only on some assumptions. There is a difference between the characteristics of the infections that arise from a non-clostridial anaerobes.

The primary characteristics for infections is gas, any suppuration, the appearance of thrombosis. Sometimes the symptoms may be the tumor or tumors. They can be tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, the fallopian. Accompanied by development of anaerobes. At this time, the person may come an unpleasant odor. But even if the smell does not exist, this does not mean that anaerobes as causative agents for infections in the body there.

Features to sample

The first study, in infections caused by anaerobes is an external inspection of the General appearance of a man, his skin. Because the presence of skin diseases at the person is complications. They show that the activity of bacteria by gas in infected tissues.
In laboratory studies, determining the refined diagnosis is necessary to obtain a sample of infected material. Often used a specialized technique. The best method of obtaining samples is considered aspiration, performed with the aid of a straight needle. Receipt of the materials by swabs is not recommended. Sometimes this method of obtaining smears is still allowed. The types of samples, inadequate opportunities for continuing analyses:

• sputum, acquired by snovidenie,
• sample bronchoscopy,
• the types of smears from the vaginal vault,
• urine from free urination,
• types of feces.

The research subject samples:

• bloods,
• pleural fluid,
• transtracheal aspirates,
• pus, taken from abscesses
• fluid from the brain back,
• punctates lungs.

Samples to move to the destination it is necessary promptly. The work is performed in a specialized container, sometimes in the bag of plastic. It should be designed in anaerobic conditions. Because the interaction of the samples with oxygen can cause complete destruction of bacteria. Liquid samples move in the tubes, sometimes in syringes. If studies move the tampons, they are transported only in test tubes with the presence of carbon dioxide, sometimes with pre-made substances.