Toxoplasmosis — toxoplasmosis Analysis and interpretation of results

Parasitic disease in humans, which is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, in most cases, takes place completely asymptomatic. Many people do not even know which are carriers or vectors of the parasite. The immune system cannot always determine the invasion as it develops in the cells.

Only laboratory tests, and exact tests for toxoplasmosis can confirm his presence in the body.

Causes of inflammation or occurrence of severe exacerbation of the pathogen is the weakening of the immune system, the period of pregnancy or HIV infection. In this case it actively multiplies and destroys healthy cells.

Before starting the treatment, requires a precise breakdown of analysis for toxoplasmosis, which determines the number of individuals, duration of infection and helps to make it possible to forecast the subsequent course of the disease and ways of healing.

Symptoms of toxoplasmosis

The easiest way to identify the disease in pregnant women. As they pass on toxoplasmosis and other infection tests are still in early gestation and before delivery. This also applies to infants who can be infected during breast-feeding and fetal development. And too often subjected to diagnosis.

And what symptoms manifest toxoplasmosis in humans at the stage of exacerbation, when it's easy to suspect:

• fever, chills,
• the increase in temperature to 37.5°C,
• visual swollen lymph nodes and liver,
• pneumonia, bronchitis,
• intestinal upset, diarrhea,
• inflammation of the retina, blurred vision,
• allergic reactions on the skin surface,
• pain in muscles, joints,
• arrhythmia, myocardial damage,,
• necrosis of the internal organs,
• children develop strabismus, observed the mental and physical development, dropsy of the brain, death.

For people with low immunity like HIV / AIDS or oppressed after the procedure of transplantation parasitic effect is particularly dangerous. Then, as an ordinary man, can be cured even without the use of drugs in 2 weeks.

The most severe consequence of chronic advanced forms of the disease is a malfunction of the brain.

It manifests itself in the frequent changes in blood pressure are manifestations of epilepsy. In rare cases, the cause of schizophrenia point to this invasion.

ELISA blood test for toxoplasmosis

Enzyme immunoassay for laboratory tests for toxoplasmosis is used in blood serum, ELISA, provides for the presence of protective proteins and antibodies.

Focusing only on the IgM and IgG antibodies.

If the study of the initial chemical composition of the blood for toxoplasmosis transcript of test results shows the value of the "norm", it means that the disease is without specific symptoms and exacerbations. The immune system copes with pathogenic microorganisms.

But there are other results of laboratory tests for toxoplasmosis with the use of colored enzymes:

1. IgM and IgG – negative. The probability of infection is high. The body does not produce protective proteins. You need to think about strengthening the immune system,
2. IgM — negative and IgG – positive. Protective antibodies are. There is no risk for possible contamination. It is desirable to make the warning prevention,
3. IgM – positive, IgG – negative. The primary stage of infection. Secondary or additional screening. If confirmation is required health therapy,
4. IgM and IgG – positive. Mandatory emergency treatment. The secondary infection. The possibility of exacerbation.

This examination determines how the body is able to respond to ingestion of toxic cells and foreign bodies in the blood. Sometimes chronic course of toxoplasmosis in humans may not manifest. Or after treatment for a false result indicates the presence of dead cells of the parasite.

Re-diagnosis takes place in 2 weeks. The accuracy of the results is equal to 95%.

PCR analysis on toxoplasmosis

Method using a high-resolution polymerase chain diagnosis is quite effective and sensitive to detect virtually all known viruses, germs, infections, and of course, parasites.

Material for further studies on toxoplasmosis diagnosis by PCR is a potentially infected sample: urine, saliva, blood, fecal excretions, tissue. Sometimes for this purpose use a swab or scraping.

To obtain reliable results it is necessary before fence to comply with the rules of preparation for PCR:

• to exclude sex. You need to abstain for about 3 days,
• the ban on access to dressing room 3 hours prior to the proposed study,
• banned antibiotics, antimicrobial drugs for 7-10 days before the survey,
• forwomen is carried out before the onset of menstruation or 2-3 days after it,
• the use of alcohol or fatty foods is not recommended.

On the completion of the analysis will take a little time. The result is expected up to 2 days. During this time is determined in the survey area DNA, RNA of a foreign body or cell, virus or bacteria. After that is complete, accurate compared with previously studied DNA from different species.

And only after found identical specimen is the result:

• positive. Indicates the presence of the parasite in the body,
• negative. The absence of infection, its sources, predisposing factors.

If the wrong fence or the failure to comply with the rules of preparation for diagnosis can be observed about the results. In this case, it shall be a further reaction to the study of DNA. To clarify the data obtained using CT, ultrasound or a biopsy to visualize the source or the affected organs.

Tests for toxoplasmosis in pregnancy

A particular danger is the parasitism of Toxoplasma to the fetus. To predict possible consequences and to forecast impossible.

If you suspect an infestation you want to immediately get a diagnosis: ELISA blood test, ELISA.

How to decipher a blood test for toxoplasmosis in pregnant woman:

• IgM "-", IgG "-". The form of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii was not detected. Infection, no antibodies. The need to examination each trimester of pregnancy,
• IgM "+", IgG "-". A short time after primary infection. About 2 months from the day of infection. Additionally appointed PCR-based diagnostics for toxoplasmosis. Possible false positive,
• IgM "+", IgG "+". Infection occurred from 2 months and up to six months ago. Assigned the analysis of the test of avidity of IgG,
• IgM "-", IgG "+". Latent stage of the disease. The body is a chronic asymptomatic infection process. The presence of antibodies indicates that the risk to fetus and mother are not.

What is an indicator in the study, as the avidity?

The ability of protective proteins IgG to resist foreign cells. In a healthy body with good immune system a measure of avidity is high.

Analysis of the avidity for toxoplasmosis and decrypting during pregnancy:

• more than 60. For women mild stage of the disease, latent form of infection. Immunity high. Reasons for special concern no. In such cases, the child also is possible to develop antibodies to the invasion,
• from 40 to 60. About the result. A second survey administered in 3 weeks,
• less than 40. The immune system is weak. Collateral analysis the polymerase chain reaction is required. Intensive but gentle treatment.

In case of detection of infestation therapy should begin no earlier than 16 weeks after the onset of the process of fertilization, so as not to harm the pregnancy.

In acute inflammatory process recommended artificial termination of pregnancy. Otherwise, the degradation of women and intrauterine fetal death.