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Stool in children — the Rules of delivery and decoding (coprogram) of stool

The survey and coprogram have children in the first year of life and older is required.

From the proper operation of the gastrointestinal tract depends on the growth and development of the baby, the intake of essential vitamins, minerals, micro and macro.

To accurately determine the presence or absence of disorders of the digestive and excretory systems, are assigned a diagnosis, as the stool of the child:

  • the macroscopic study. Examination of feces to determine its correct color, shape, form, possible violations in the form of impurities, mucus, blood. In rare cases, there are obvious pieces of undigested food,
  • microscopic examination. A careful study of the composition and content of stool. Shows fatty acids, fiber, starch, and even parasites in the intestine of the child,
  • biochemical method. Includes the analysis of fecal occult blood in children. Additionally it determines the presence of necessary intestinal enzymes like lipase, lactose, bilirubin and sterkobilina in Calais. We conducted a study of the microbiological environment of the pH level of the intestine.

To carry out coprological analysis of faeces, the child will be in the laboratory. The table allows you to decrypt the obtained results, based on normal levels, your baby's doctor or a qualified employee of the laboratory.

General analysis of feces

Coprological method study evaluates the work of the gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas, bile ducts and liver. Indicates inflammation, infection, viruses and bacteria in the body of the baby.

Coprogram stool in infants and its rate should show:

  1. bowel movement sticky, viscous or mushy. Number per day – 40-50 grams,
  2. yellow, yellow-green,
  3. sour smell,
  4. pH – 4,8-5,8,
  5. mucus is not detected,
  6. there is no blood,
  7. soluble protein is not detected,
  8. the present sterkobilina,
  9. bilirubin is detected,
  10. ammonia no,
  11. detritus in any quantity,
  12. muscle fibers – little or no present,
  13. connective fibers are absent,
  14. starch no,
  15. vegetable digestible fiber not detected,
  16. neutral fat. Single case,
  17. fatty acids — a bit,
  18. soap – a little,
  19. leukocytes. There are separate indicators.

In the case where a General analysis of feces and its full decryption do not coincide with the above results, it is possible to conduct re-examination after a few days.

A stool sample from a small child up to a year

A newborn is an infant who is bottle-fed, and the baby is over 6 months and up to one year during diagnosis will have absolutely other figures.

Coprogram the baby to six months and infants on mixed diet in this case shows:

  1. the bowel movement per day – 30-40 grams,
  2. yellow to brown,
  3. putrefactive smell,
  4. the pH is 6,8 – 7,5,
  5. there is no mucus,
  6. blood is not detected,
  7. soluble protein is,
  8. the present sterkobilina,
  9. bilirubin is,
  10. ammonia no,
  11. detritus can be,
  12. muscle fibers in small quantities or not found,
  13. connective fibers are absent,
  14. starch no,
  15. digest cellulose of plant origin is not detected,
  16. neutral fat is a little,
  17. fatty acids little,
  18. soap – a little,
  19. leukocytes. Single.

General analysis of feces in young children under one year are presented as table data. For the study is provided to the pediatrician. Don't worry if coprogram and its norm does not coincide with the above data. The baby still does not have a strong immune system.

To make sure the baby is all right, you can get advanced stool test or consult a doctor.

Coprogram in children after a year

The chair of the child completely depends on his power. After a year the food is diverse, there is a partial abandonment of dairy products. It is for this reason defecation becomes decorated and appears appropriate smell.

Changes coprogram stool and its interpretation have older children must show:

  • excrement. A day not more than 250 grams. Decorated,
  • a light brown shade,
  • the natural fecal odor,
  • pH – 7 – 7,5,
  • mucus in feces there should be no,
  • the blood is not defined,
  • soluble protein is not detected,
  • daily output of sterkobilina corresponds to the number 75to 350 grams,
  • detritus in any quantity,
  • muscle fibers no,
  • the connecting fibers are not visualized,
  • starch no,
  • vegetable digestible fiber not detected,
  • neutral fat no,
  • fatty acids are not detected,
  • soaps. Very little,
  • leukocytes no more than 10 or single indicators.

Examination at this age is less than coprogram newborn infants. The digestive system of the child after the first year of life, perfectly formed and does not need constant supervision.

The immune system is able to cope with the new conditions. If the indicators of feces are normal, the baby is completely healthy.

Fecal occult blood

In the case of discharge with blood in stool in children or the doctor has suspected internal bleeding, small lesions, and possible violations of the integrity of tissues of the digestive system, the urgent need to pass the appropriate examination.

Conducted laboratory analysis of feces for hidden blood in children:

  • immunochemical. A method using antibodies that detect not only blood cells but also unable to determine the cause,
  • reaction Gregersen. Provides for the application of the fecal composition of small quantities of reagent. Change the color of bowel movement indicates the presence of "hidden" blood.

Very often a thorough breakdown of analysis of feces is a false positive or false negative. In this case, the examination must be repeated.

If the fecal occult blood test has a positive result, then, requires a diagnosis of possible diseases:

  1. ulcerative lesions of stomach, duodenum,
  2. syndrome Mallory-Weiss,
  3. varicose veins in the oesophagus,
  4. liver dysfunction,
  5. periodontosis,
  6. stomatitis,
  7. neoplasms, tumors,
  8. nosebleed,
  9. intestinal obstruction,
  10. food allergy,
  11. polyps in the intestines,
  12. helminthiasis,
  13. dysentery,
  14. colitis,
  15. dysbacteriosis.

Normal macro and microscopic study of defecation in this case is not informative. The hemoglobin that is degraded, is synthesized in sulfuric acid iron. The bowel movement gets a dark shade without traces of blood.

Only immunochemical laboratory method is able to show reliable results. Its only disadvantage is the duration of the meeting. Takes about 2 weeks of the study.

Feces on a dysbacteriosis: transcript

Very often in young children, especially newborns, there is a liquid stool, mucus in the feces, periodic flatulence, poor appetite and bad breath. At the first sign of disorder of the digestive system is assigned to the analysis on a dysbacteriosis at the child.

The norm indicators of microorganisms in the gut:

  1. bifidobacteria — ot109 to 1011. Synthesize vitamins, and To normalize the body's absorption of vitamin D. Participate in strengthening the immune system,
  2. lactobacilli – from 106 to 108. Support and normalize the acidity level, perform a protective function of the intestine,
  3. the Escherichia — from 106 to 108. Produce proteins, synthesize vitamins K and In,
  4. Bacteroides – from 107 to 108,
  5. Peptostreptococcus – from 103 to 106. The individual indicators. Involved in the breakdown of carbohydrates,
  6. enterococci from 105 to 108. Break down carbohydrates,
  7. saprophytic staphylococci – less than 104,
  8. Clostridium – less than 105. Perform the splitting of proteins,
  9. Candida – at least 104. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms.

Even a slight deviation from the normal composition of intestinal microflora indicates dysbiosis, or much more serious consequences, such as the activity of Staphylococcus aureus, the fungus of the genus Candida, strains of Escherichia coli, a gradual intoxication of the whole child's body.

The analysis of a feces on worms and their eggs

The presence of parasites in children is common. A newborn infant can be infected in the womb, the child until after a year of not fulfilling the rules of personal hygiene, animals and peers.

The kid feels weak, loses his appetite, complains of abdominal pain, screaming or crying. Observed vomiting, diarrhea. Experienced parents can see the parasites after emptying.

In this case, is assigned a stool at the small child for eggs and worm:

  • scraping. The sample in the anal area special cotton swab or adhesive tape,
  • diagnosis of CPD. Defecation is the basis of the study. Of the stool stands a fragment of DNA of the parasite. Sets the view class, the number of individuals in the body,
  • scatological. We conducted a General analysis of feces, the transcript of which indicates the presence of helminths, their larvae and eggs.

The results on worms have a positive or negative value. About the figures is the re-passage analysis. Older children can also undergo ultrasound.

Carbs in Kale

Milk sugar or lactose, the sugar that a healthy body needs to be broken down and digested with lactase. Otherwise it is not digested and contributes to the growth of bacteria and breakdown of the intestinal microflora.

To exclude or confirm disease is assigned to the analysis contained inintestine carbohydrates:

  • Norma — 0.3%,
  • tolerance — up to 0.5%,
  • the critical level of over 1%.

Diagnosis of lactase deficiency is common in newborns.

The inability of a child to consume breast milk and to obtain useful substances may lead to serious consequences:

  1. developmental delay,
  2. allergic rashes and dermatitis,
  3. frequent loose stools. There are more than 10 times a day,
  4. constipations,
  5. flatulence,
  6. anemia.

Excess, undissolved carbohydrates evidence of lack of lactase in the body. Requires urgent treatment and further investigation of this pathology.

Transcript coprogram in children

Many parents are interested in what should be actually the feces of a healthy child, whether the coprogram and the full transcript of her children to be erroneous.

In some cases, a slight deviation from the norm is acceptable, especially when moving the kid on an adult or mixed feeding. Look more closely, it looks like the transcript of a coprogram in infants and toddler after the first year of life.

A lot or a little stool. The amount of discharge is very ambiguous. Food that gets a newborn baby consists of formula and breast milk. Therefore, the bowel movement per day should not exceed 50 grams per day.

After the first year the baby gets a full adult meal. The daily rate for older children up to 250 grams.

Possible reasons for an increase in bowel movements:

  • pancreatitis,
  • cholecystitis,
  • disruption of the biliary system.

The color completely depends on what a child eats. Baby after 6 months can allocate a decorated brown feces. Infant and newborn — yellowish, Golden.

Talking about another color of feces:

  1. dark brown. Indicates a mechanical jaundice, a large amount of meat in the diet,
  2. black. Bleeding of the stomach or bowel, ulcerative lesions of the duodenum. Eating dark berries,
  3. green. Typical for fans of salads, green vegetables,
  4. red. Bleeding of the intestine,
  5. clayey. Discolouration bowel movements can be caused by hepatitis, neoplasms, diseases of the liver,
  6. light. Observed in connection with the appearance of ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, of the fermentation process.

Smell. Corresponds to the products that consume the child. The newborn smell of defecation corresponds to the fermentation of milk and has a sour tint.

Mixed feeding of the child provokes putrid smell. The child's body still does not cope with the digestion of heavy foods. After a year bowel movement takes on the traditional stool, but not too pungent smell.

the pH of the feces. Bacteria that form the intestinal flora, affect the acidity level:

  • coprogram infants will show the result is not more than 5.8,
  • the baby is on artificial feeding has increased to 6.8,
  • neutral pH adult child reaches 7.5.

Mucus in the stool exceptionally be allowed in infants up to 6 months during breast-feeding. In other cases, possible intestinal infection, hemorrhoids, polyps, lactase deficiency.

The sterkobilina should be detected in adults, children, and bilirubin was observed only in newborns. He stains the bowel movement in a light yellow color.

Muscle and connective fibers in the stool should not be reflected. Too many points to dysfunction of the digestive system. Digested baby food in the secretions rare.

The starch in the stool should not be detected. It is the result of consumption of cereals, vegetables and fruits splits before reaching the intestine. In other cases, you must test the child for presence of pancreatitis and gastritis.

Fatty acids occur only in children at a younger age. After a year they are digested, and the remains are excreted from the body in a natural way. Indicate disorders of the biliary tract, diarrhea.

Soaps. Are the result of the digestion of fats. Their absence indicates a possible diseases of the liver, the gallbladder, pancreatitis.

Leukocytes. Valid individual cases. The number of leukocytes more than 10 indicates infection or inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, such as amoebic dysentery, colitis, enteritis, pancreatitis, allergies.

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