Tetanus versed in the treatment and complications of the disease

The wound on the toe

Treatment of the disease should take place in a hospital because any time can begin complications and life-threatening. The infected person is not contagious and therefore not dangerous to people. So do not be afraid to make contact with the sick person. Disinfection of the local place is not done.

The infected person must stay in bed until you recover. All activities must be done in conjunction with each other to prevent excess secretion of exotoxin and its toxic effects on the body.

The more intense and more likely to begin treatment, the less impact will be after recovery.

With a small incubation period, signs of disease are detected.

Measures to address

All measures to eliminate tetanus can be connected to General list:

  • protective mode,
  • disinfection measures for elimination of microorganisms from the scene of injury,
  • neutralization of harmful toxic substances in the human body,
  • to administer drugs against seizures,
  • to monitor the functioning of the heart, respiratory system,
  • the imminent elimination of signs of illness (fever, restoring the circulation channel, as well as replenishment of hemoglobin),
  • preventive measures and monitoring that has not appeared effects. If complications appear, it is necessary to carry out emergency treatment,
  • specialized care for an infected person.

The protective regime is the formation of special conditions of living for a sick person. These conditions should be as follows:

  • to eliminate all sounds,
  • rescuetool mode,
  • no strong odors,
  • almost not to touch the patient. Tactile sensations can create a fit of convulsive syndrome.

Disinfection measures for elimination of microorganisms from the scene of injury. This is a surgical procedure with the introduction of vaccines against tetanus (1000-3000 IU). This procedure is as follows: the surgeon removes all foreign matter and dead tissue with the help of small incisions. The incisions necessary for fabrics that are very deep, is supplied with oxygen. Bacteria under the action of oxygen is not able to properly grow and this is the cause of her death. When fully overgrowing the wound alcol vaccine against tetanus still takes place – this gives you the ability to destroy vegetative species that are still present in this place. All these processes are done under local anesthesia to prevent the appearance of convulsive syndromes.

Neutralization of harmful toxic substances in the human body. As a rule, used here, antitoxic horse serum against tetanus. A particular problem is that the exotoxin, which provides the bacterium with the disease, strongly fixed on the nerve cells (when this process occurs, the neutralization then is impossible). To cope with this problem is possible only with the introduction of the vaccine against tetanus at an early stage, after doctors found the disease. Before you begin the procedure of vaccination against tetanus, carried out a test for detecting allergic reactions. This test consists in injecting small doses of vaccine against tetanus in the shoulder. After 25 minutes, examine the injection site: if the pasty puncture and redness less than 1 cm, then the reaction is considered negative and then injected the serum against tetanus. If positive, the serum could be performed only for special indications doctors. If the answer is serum in an amount of 0.1 ml is injected, and waits about 60 minutes. If there are no signs of deterioration, then introduced the rest of the dose of 100 000-150 000 IU. The serum is effective for about a month and enter once.

In any case be self-medicate tetanus and to take drugs not prescribed by a doctor. Themselves to get out, just does not happen. Treatment should only be in the hospital.

Because of the danger of shock (anaphylactic shock), over an hour wait after put the serum in the infected person's clearly monitored by medical staff pressure, heart rate, tachycardia, the presence of temperature.

Treatment

In addition to the vaccine against tetanus, can also be applied human immunoglobulin against tetanus a dose of 3000-6000 IU. It is administered in case of positive response in the allergotest for injecting horse serum.

Elimination of convulsive syndrome, which is caused by the bacteria, treatment begins with administration of tranquilizers, narcotic drugs, drugs for the weakening of muscle tone, neyroplegicheskie funds.

Treated, will the following medications:

Name of medication Dosage and medication Diazepam (Sibazon, Relanium) ingested by 5-10 mg every 2-4 hours. If you swallow hard, it is administered intravenously at 10-20 mg up to 8 times a dayIt make chloral hydrate in the enema to 6g per day. Do 3-4 times Chlorpromazine 600 mg/day. Duration at the discretion of the doctor Lytic mixture of Chlorpromazine+ Morphine+Diphenhydramine+Scopolamine hydrobromide is Taken in parts : 2 ml of 2.5% +1-2ml 1%+ 2 ml 1%+0.5 ml of 0.05%

If a person began the difficult stage, which is accompanied by convulsive syndrome, the treatment begins with muscle relaxants, combined with Diazepam, sodium Oxybutyrate on ventilatory support. Often, the person who is ill IVL can be cured in 14-20 days.

Monitoring the functional state of the heart, the respiratory tract. It is necessary to korrigirovat blood pressure (both low and high), the cardiovascular system, which is in constant need of sufficient quantity of oxygen (if there is trouble, then use ALV). To resolve blood pressure, reduce tachycardia, use of β-blockers and α-blockers.

Eliminating signs of disease means prevention of intoxication, the regulation of water and acid-base balance. This applies to the treatment of 4% Jew. sodium bicarbonate, Rheomacrodex, Stauton, Monastery, Trisol, Reosorbilact.

In the normal flow of water in human patients, provided to maintain the desired volume of blood, and also regulates its circulation properties. This property does not develop fever and reduces the risk of consequences.

As the tetanus strongly influences the ventilation properties of the lungs (due to excessive tone in the pulmonary muscles), as preventive measures, education of pneumonia prescribe antibiotics (tetracyclines, macrolides, penicillins). They are used with a duration of about 2 weeks at a high dosage. The heparin used to thin the blood and prevent thrombosis.

To avoid bedsores, it is necessary to maximize patient care and to comply with hygiene standards, to regularly change the bed linen, use of all kinds of pillows and cushions. As muscle tone hampers the process of urination, you need to make catheterization of the bladder and cleansing the intestinal tract.

Also complicated by the meal due to seizures and excessive muscle tone, therefore, an important issue is the supply of patient meals. If a person is able to swallow a little, then it is necessary to use carefully chopped puréed foods, which contain rich amounts of vitamins, minerals and trace elements. With full trisme, feeding is done with a dropper or with a probe.

Sometimes (if the sick person has recourse to medical aid too late and treatment delayed, or when the diagnosis was discovered the disease too late), the treatment is not effective and the patient ends life in death.

The worst rate of tetanus is its mortality rate is 30%. So first of all it is necessary to take preventive measures to prevent the disease.

What consequences occur after tetanus?

Complications of tetanus are identified almost always with the exception of lung disease. Tetanus can cause a large number of consequences, but one of the most dangerous is the disease asphyxia. Followed by pneumonia, muscle damage, bone injury, spinal injuries. Increasing hypoxia may lead to spasserovannye heart vessels and the formation of myocardial infarction until the heart stops. When there is a period of recovery, the possible appearance of moralizirovaniya cranial nerves. If tetanus appears in infants, it can form sepsis.