The causative agents of brucellosis: characteristics and properties

Brucellosis

Pathogens of this disease are a few: B. has been previously exposed to B. abortus, B. suis, B. canis, and they all belong to the genus Brucella. They are characterized by high resistance to various environmental conditions. Their shape is ovoid, the size is rather small without flagella, they belong to obligate aerobes. These organisms do not form spores, although sometimes can make the microcapsule. Brucella belong to the gram-negative bacteria and have relatively low enzymatic activity.

Pathogens

Brucellosis in humans appears with pathogenic bacteria 4 types:

• V. has been previously exposed to the causative agent of brucellosis, which lives mainly among small ruminants and can cause severe destruction of human body.
• B. Suis and B. canis are pathogens of reindeer and wild animals.
• B. Abortus is the causative agent of brucellosis also affects the human body, but it is common in cattle. Since it is an obligate aerobe, it is necessary to grow 11% carbon dioxide. A suitable temperature for their growth and life – 37S.

These bacteria are fastidious enough to the environment and so they usually acquire liver or blood agar. Compile environment with the addition of glucose, glycerine. A distinctive feature of these organisms is the slow growth that lasts for 2 weeks.

They tolerate low temperatures. Meat, which is a long time in the freezer can stay up to six months, and in the milk up to six months. They die at high temperatures (boiling) and disinfectants.

Very important: brucellosis belongs almost incurable disease.

How do you get brucellosis?

Brucellosis – a zoonotic infection. This disease is found in all countries of the world. Can reach from small outbreaks to epidemics. The causes of this disease – home, farm young and old cattle: pigs, goats, sheep, cows, bulls. People who suffer from this disease, cannot be a source of disease.

The disease is transmitted to humans from animals or from ingestion of raw materials of animal origin. The causes of this disease can be a professional (i.e. contact and care for animals that are already infected), or incorrect heat treatment products of meat and dairy origin. Mostly this disease affects people who work milkmaids, shepherds. The microorganism is transmitted to humans through damaged skin surface, mucous glands and respiratory tract, eye infection. Route of infection of the disease are food, contact, suction.

What do these pathogens in the body?

Enter the human body through the skin to the lymph nodes and then through them in the blood that carries the infection throughout the body, passing through the spleen, bone marrow, liver. Bacteria can accumulate and live in those bodies, and then a new circle with the blood spread along with blood. When microorganisms die, the endotoxin secreted hyaluronidase, which causes severe signs of intoxication. This enzyme inhibits the oxidation process and phagocytosis. Through the lymphatic system, the microorganisms end up in the lymph nodes, where they begin to actively proliferate. In macrophages they are partially lost. At the death of Brucella in macrophages are released into the blood and spread throughout the body, affecting the liver, spleen, lymphatic system, reproductive, musculoskeletal, nervous system and creating complicated symptoms.

What symptoms appear when brucellosis?

Brucellosis in children and adults has a fairly severe symptoms. The problem of disease is that it may pass into the chronic stage, which is called chronostasis. Brucellosis is different from other diseases, its cycles, in which Brucella can enter again with the formation of a General and local reaction. In addition to allergic reactions, intoxication, these diseases can affect many tissues and organs.

Time microbial growth is up to 20 days.

Brucellosis in children has the following symptoms:

• fever, until the fever, which is very hard to break,
• severe sweating,
• back pain (sciatica),
• pain in the joints of the limbs,
• sleep disturbance,
• deterioration of the General condition,
• decreased appetite,
• weakness, drowsiness.

If the first symptoms, then it is better not to ignore, because it is possible to earn complications. After the disease grown of relative weak immunity. And when it disappears, thenagain people can become sick with the disease.

Greater susceptibility are animals. These include: Guinea pigs, mice, hares, rabbits.

Treatment usually consists of antibiotics and improve the immune system.

Prevention of brucellosis

Vaccine against brucellosis is used as prevention in young people over the age of 18. Usually taken the vaccine goat-sheep type.

The live dry vaccine brucellosis is a product of genetic engineering. Made of live bacterial cultures vaccine strain of Brucella. Looks like white or yellow homogeneous mass. Usually, the vaccine is done in a month before working with infected animals. During this time people have immunity, which lasts from six months to a year.

Before you vaccinate do a test for Allergy symptoms and only receiving a negative result proceed directly to vaccination.

Vaccine administered subcutaneously in the shoulder or cutaneous. If a person long-term work with infected animals, re-vaccination should be done in about a year. This introduces not all, but only half the dose. The prepared solution of the vaccine on the pharmacological rules must be used within 2 hours.