Bilateral polysegmental pneumonia in adults and children, outpatient, treatment, what is it, causes, ICD 10

Double-sided polysegmental pneumonia is one of the most serious diseases of the lower respiratory tract. It involves many sectors or segments of lung tissue. In this particular case, the inflammatory process affects both lungs, it requires long and complicated treatment. Most often, it occurs in people with lowered immunity or children first year of life. This is due to the immaturity of the immune system that leads to severe health consequences.

Definition of the disease

Dvuhstoronka polysegmental pneumonia is a disease in which inflammation affects multiple tissues of both lungs, called segments. Most difficult such a disease occurs in children as there is a simultaneous inflammation of the pleura, characterized by pain in the chest. While the lungs have no nerve endings, so even pneumonia can occur almost asymptomatic. The disease is often detected when you are prompted.

Children polysegmental pneumonia quickly leads to edema of the pulmonary alveoli, threatening suffocation.

The first signs of the disease are shivering and weakness, passing into fever with rise of temperature to 40 C. sometimes the Disease can develop at lightning speed, leading to severe intoxication of the organism. Decomposition products caused by the inflammation disappear in the blood, causing General intoxication of the organism.

The overall toxicity of the body leads to thickening of the blood, which becomes disrupted cerebral blood supply. This is why for all infectious diseases lower respiratory tract need to drink as much liquid as possible.

Pneumonia by location can be:

• Total,
• Focal.

Also pneumonia sequentially passes through 2 main stages of development:

• The phase "red apachename" (leads to inflammation of the pulmonary alveoli, accompanied by a slight hemorrhage),
• Phase "gray obucheniya" (inflammation leads to the release of grayish fibrin covering the lung tissue).

It is on the second stage develops respiratory distress, which leads to oxygen starvation of the brain. Polysegmental pneumonia refers to a type of total because it quickly captures both lungs. Without as quickly as possible the treatment it leads to the development of respiratory failure and death.

Causes

The reason for the development of bilateral polysegmental pneumonia is always some kind of infection. It can be:

• Bacterial infections (pneumococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus and other),
• Fungal infection,
• Viral infection,
• Vermin.

There are also factors that encourage the development of the disease. These include:

• Overcooling,
• Congenital lung abnormalities,
• The decrease in the protective forces of the body,
• Frequent colds or viral respiratory infections in children,
• The tendency to allergic reactions,
• Various autoimmune infection,
• A sedentary lifestyle,
• Bad habits, primarily Smoking.

All these reasons make the body most vulnerable to infections, which leads to rapid disease development.

The nature of the disease pneumonia can be punitive (most often viral) or purulent (caused by bacterial infection).

Symptoms

The first stage of development of the disease can occur almost asymptomatic, or be disguised as normal SARS. That is why the diagnosis of "bilateral polysegmental pneumonia" is often placed after the appearance of pronounced clinical symptoms. Sometimes to identify may need x-rays. All symptoms are bilateral polysegmental pneumonia can be divided into 2 main groups:

• Bronchopulmonary (main),
• Intoxication (indirect, caused by emission of the products of inflammation in the blood).

The main symptoms include:

• Cough with sputum,
• Otdyshka,
• Crackles when listening to the lungs,
• Pain in the chest (occurs when inflammation of the pleura).

These are added to the intoxicationsymptoms:

• A sharp increase in temperature to the level 39 – 40,
• Fever,
• Chill,
• Muscular weakness,
• Sweating,
• Headache,
• Dizziness,
• Joint pain,
• Decreased appetite,
• Sleep disturbance,
• Pallor,
• Tachycardia,
• Emotional instability.

That's when polysegmental pneumonia in the bronchi accumulated a large amount of fluid because of progressive edema it is very difficult to cough up.

One of the signs of lack of oxygen when bilateral pneumonia is a blue discoloration of lips and nails.

Possible complication

Since pneumonia itself is an extremely dangerous disease, complications with him a bit. Most often it is respiratory failure, which develops due to swelling of the bronchi. It leads to such serious consequences for life as:

• Oxygen starvation of the brain,
• Suffocation,
• A purulent abscess in the lung,
• Bacterial pleurisy,
• Myocarditis,
• Endocarditis.

Without urgent medical aid in hospital conditions it can lead to death. Children may develop lobar form of pneumonia.

Treatment

The diagnosis of "bilateral pneumonia polysegmental" is placed on clinical symptoms and results of chest x-ray. Additionally, a General analysis of blood to determine the causative agent.

Pneumonia requires immediate combination therapy. The sooner treatment is started, the greater the chances of a successful recovery.

Treatment of pneumonia includes:

• Strict bed rest,
• Drinking large amounts of fluid,
• A complete diet enriched with vitamins and useful microelements.

Treatment for bilateral pneumonia should take place in a hospital, because the patient's condition can rapidly deteriorate. When respiratory failure is urgent oxygen therapy.

Medically way

The most important role in the treatment of pneumonia dvuhstoronka total play antibacterial drugs. Time prescribed a course of antibiotics in this case, direct case, will save lives. To do this, use drugs with broad spectrum of action, most of the group Ceftriaxone, macrolides, or fluoroquinolone. This allows to suppress the development of the source of infection.

At the first symptoms of pneumonia, especially in young children should immediately seek medical help. This is due to the fact that the disease develops at lightning speed.

Applies in addition to symptomatic treatment, including:

• Antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs,
• Bronchodilators,
• Mucolytic drugs.

Additionally prescribe multivitamin preparations. During the period of recovery to medication add physical treatments such as massage and breathing exercises.

Folk remedies

Home remedies can be applied only in a period of gradual recovery and rehabilitation after a long illness. They can be used only as a harmonious addition to the basic treatment prescribed by your doctor. In the recovery phase can apply proven folk remedies based on medicinal plants.

Even at the stage of recovery treatment of folk remedies can be applied only after consultation with your doctor. This is because the body is weakened, and even the most "harmless" homemade treatments can hurt.

As folk remedies in the period of rehabilitation can be applied:

• Herbal teas and vitamin-enriched drinks,
• Decoctions of herbs,
• Hot compress,
• Steam inhalation,
• Warm soaks.

In combination with physiotherapy it helps to quickly restore the body's defenses, and ensure the fastest recovery.

Prevention

Such a serious disease on time is much easier to prevent than to long and difficult to treat. The main preventive measures are:

• An active lifestyle that includes physical activity,
• Vaccination against streptococcal and pneumococcal disease for people aged 65 years as well as having a congenital immunodeficiency syndrome,
• Annual vaccination against influenza,
• The rejection of bad habits,
• Timely treatment of SARS and influenza, especially in young children.

To preventive measures include massage in bedridden patients to prevent the development of congestive pneumonia.

Summary

Fever, coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, weakness, and General intoxication of the body – all signs of severe pneumonia dvuhstoronka. Without adequate treatment, leads to respiratory failure. To save the man in this case can only be initiated in a timely manner a comprehensive treatment in the hospital.