Tularemia: symptoms and diagnosis in people

Dizziness with tularemia

The symptoms of tularemia are very heavy and are accompanied by swelling of the lymphatic system, as well as inflammation due to the penetration of the virus in different places containing mucosa. Depending on the infection tularemia is:

• bubonic,
• ulcer-bubonic,
• glazurovannaja,
• anginal-bubonic,
• pulmonary,
• abdominal,
• generalized form.

Localization of tularemia is distributed mostly in North part of the earth. The causative agent of this terrible disease is tularemia Bacillus.

What is the causative agent of the disease?

Wand tularemia (Francisella tularensis) resistant bacteria related to gram-negative microorganisms. This aerobic Bacillus can exist in bodies of water at 4C up to 4 weeks on straw or wheat at 0 C can be stored up to 6 months at 25-35C microorganisms survive for about 3 weeks, and with the deaths of animals that suffered from the disease, the bacteria remain there for up to 4 weeks at 15C. The death of bacteria occurs under the action of high temperatures and the treatment of des. solutions.

If tularemia sick man, he is not contagious. The most relevant mode of transmission is contact with blood that contains pathogens.

The bacterium gets into the animal body through ticks or mosquitoes. A major pathogen for animals is the bite of the tick Ixodes. Human infection occurs through close contact with animals (elimination of rodents or skinning from a dead animal) or foods that have already been infected with the Bacillus.

Respiratory transmission occurs when hit in the respiratory tract of infected dust from grain or straw. This can occur in agricultural plants (in the processing of raw materials, slaughtering animals, etc.). However, outside causes natural focus, the risk of Contracting tularemia is minimal. The transmission is possible only with imported, local areas raw materials. People are very sensitive to the causative agent of tularemia, so if a person is sick, his development will be required.

What symptoms are caused by tularemia?

The incubation period of the disease lasts from 1 to 4 weeks, but average time is 4-8 days. Initial symptoms tularemia:

• fever,
• full intoxication of the organism,
• lethargy, aching pain in bones and muscles,
• dizziness.

The temperature increase is usually undulating, sometimes can stay permanently. It lasts from 7 days to 30-40 days, but on average last for 15 days. The first signs is swelling of the face, strong blood flow to the conjunctiva, mucous membranes, mouth, nose, throat, pasty sclera. Sometimes you may notice the appearance of rashes on the skin. The causes of such rashes can be different. Pressure decreased, arrhythmia appears. If the fever lasts several days, it can cause enlargement of the liver and spleen. The difference of clinical forms of this disease depends on the type of infection. When the infection enters the body through the skin, it begins to form the bubonic form, which is presented in the form of inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes. Mainly used inguinal, femoral, axillary lymph nodes. When the spread goes on, it begins the formation of secondary buboes.

Swollen and raised in the sizes of the lymph nodes, so give aching pain and then the pain passes.

Over time boboni rasizada (sometimes this process can last up to 2-3 months). Often they nanimayut, forming abscesses, opened with time, and remains a fistula. In the transmission of infection from mother to child can occur ulcerative-bubonic form of tularemia. When bacteria are introduced into the body, this area formed ulcer, without education, stage spots, papules, vesicles, pustules, with sharp edges, dark crust and a little depth.

When a microorganism enters the body through the conjunctiva, the disease manifests as pasalubong view: the combination of ulcerous-purulent conjunctivitis with inflammation of the lymphatic vessels.

Eye conjunctivitis is expressed in symptoms: pasty, photophobia, and a feeling as if something interferes, redness, later purulent erosions and ulcers. The cornea remains intact. This form of tularemia is characterized by its severity and duration.

Anginal-bubonic form is formed when the penetration of infection in the nasal mucosa, the infection starts through the alimentary. Symptoms:

• redness and aching pain in the throat,
• difficultlyswallow,
• pasty tonsils,
• on the surface of the tonsils is observed gray-white coating that is very difficult to remove.

When tularemia Bacillus infects the blood vessels of the lymph nodes of the mesentery of the intestine, begin the symptoms: dizziness, strong spazmiruyutsya intestinal pain, vomiting, sharp decrease in weight up to anorexia. You can also start severe diarrhea. When palpation abdominal pain is noted in place of the navel, and the increase in size of the spleen and liver.

The pulmonary form may occur by ingestion of infected dust in the nose. It can be divided into 2 types: bronhitichesky and pneumonic.

Bronhitichesky option transmission occurs when infected and paratracheal bronchial lymph nodes. Symptoms symptoms of:

• the appearance of dry cough,
• pain in sternum,
• full intoxication of the organism.

Despite these symptoms, the disease in humans continues to go well, and the recovery is coming in 10-12 days.

Pneumonic transmission in humans, the flow is much heavier than the first shape and the symptoms appear gradually. During this period, in parallel with the pneumonia begins to connect pleurisy, the formation of abscesses, until the decay of the lungs.

Generalized transmission in different ways. It is typhoid, paratyphoid, sepsis. In the initial period, the temperature increases, changes frequently, which is very difficult to bring down, starts full intoxication of the organism, the muscle pain, weakness, dizziness, dizziness.

After effects of tularemia

After effects of tularemia most often appear on the secondary. When it starts severe course of the disease, the person may begin an infectious-toxic shock. Frequent complications in humans after tularemia is the appearance of meningitis, arthritis, heart inflammation.

How to diagnose tularemia?

First, diagnosis must begin with standard of tests: General blood analysis, biochemical blood analysis, urine analysis. They can show the presence of inflammatory processes (increased leukocytes) and poisoning the body with toxins. In the beginning of the disease a blood test may show leukocytosis, which later wears off, and the number of lymphocytes and monocytes increased.

As well serological diagnosis. She is done with the methods RA and Phragmites. When the disease begins to gain momentum, is an increase in specific antibodies.

After a week of illness may be diagnosis of tularemia by ELISA, because this is the most sensitive. In the first days of the disease, you can use PCR.

A quick diagnosis is made with skin-allergic test of containing the toxin with the tularemia Bacillus.

When is the pulmonary form of tularemia, making x-rays or CT of the lungs. Such diagnostics will be very effective for a person in identifying lung problems.