Prevention and causes of transmission of dysentery

Bacteria of the genus Shigella

Dysentery is a bacterial disease of an infectious nature. The causative agent of the disease are bacteria of the genus Shigella. In the formation of dysentery in humans, infections are mostly localized in the mucous layer of the colon. The disease mainly breaks out and is detected in children from 2 to 7 years. However, dysentery can develop people and more Mature age group. Very rarely this pathology can be noted in breastfed babies because the baby developed a strong immunity, which is passed from the mother. Infection of infants may occur through water or alimentary route.

Usually, the disease develops in summer. The infection quickly diverges, and if you do not follow preventive measures, there is a danger of infection. So to avoid that, you must carefully follow the rules of personal hygiene.

What are the causes of transmission of dysentery?

Shigella dysenteriae is killed at a temperature of 95C. If the Planck temperature reaches about 70C, the death can reach up to half an hour. In the stool of Shigella dysenteriae may die after 2-3 hours.

Infected, possibly from people with acute and chronic phase of the disease. Also, infection can come from the people who suffer a mild form of the disease. This is due to the easy flow characteristics and therefore people are often not drawn to the doctor. The disease passes through food and water and vector-borne path. Also, the transmission of the bacteria occurs through unwashed hands. At severe stages, the patient may die.

Very important: follow the rules of hygiene and disinfection.

What preventive measures are used?

To protect yourself from this unwanted disease you need to adhere to certain preventive measures that will help to avoid pathology:

• You can't take food in places that are not verified and valid for sale. Also need to check the license and do not purchase non-certified products, but also vegetables and fruits having all sorts of defects with signs of rot, peresinotti and spoilage.
• It is not recommended to buy melons, watermelons in half.
• Fresh vegetables and fruits must be thoroughly washed in running water and scalded with boiling water. Ideally, the fruit to remove the skin.
• Can't drink only boiled water. Just running water you can filter, peremanivat or drink bottled water.
• Do not purchase food products that are sold on the local infected areas, as well as closely monitor the expiration dates that are outside of the refrigerating chamber.
• To follow health and hygiene standards and to comply with hand washing after using the toilet, preparing food, before eating food.
• To swim only the tested and approved waters, and not to drink water from them.

In addition, you need serious approach to the detection of infected areas and animals that have a fairly high level of infection. You also need to find those sources which are pathogenic, and eliminate them.

To detect the source of infection is necessary to find potential people or animals that may be infected and examine them for the presence of the disease. The correctness of diagnostic results depends directly on how the survey is conducted. Also requires proper sampling of biological material (feces) and rapid culturing on nutrient media. To take biological material is necessary before the treatment began. Also common methods in the detection of pathogens are the reaction of hemagglutination and immunofluorescence method.

The greatest source of infection are people who work in food and dairy enterprises. Therefore, when you take on a job necessarily diagnostic tests. In future work survey can be either routine or special assignments. So, for example, take young children with preschool. Before going to a kindergarten it is necessary to conduct a number of laboratory studies. If the disease is detected, then in kindergarten to go to full recovery.

Sick with dysentery do not have to be in the hospital, and stays at home. The only exception are the people who work at the company, which is a potential source of infection for the family and for other people. So it is better to be hospitalized. Such measures are conducted to prevent epidemics. In addition human hospitalitynet in the case where it is impossible to isolate the house. Treatment of infected kids in children's institutions is not allowed.

People working in food factories, nothave the right to have access to their workplace without appropriate documentation that the disease has receded, and people can work. The baby after recovery it is best to send for rehabilitation in children's sanatorium, and only then led in kindergarten. If after recovery, the baby has a goiter or still there is an allocation of dysentery Bacillus, it is necessary again to go into inpatient treatment. Further, when all laboratory parameters will give a negative result, and it will confirm the help of a pediatrician, then you can attend care. But medical observation should continue for about 4 weeks. It is also necessary clearly to follow, with the stool consistency. After 4 weeks a re-examination of faeces.

Measures being taken to prevent the transmission of disease?

In fact it is considered one of the most important issues in the prevention of disease. Activities that affect the prevention of the dysentery should be held regularly. The duties of running this question include careful tracking of dairy and food enterprises, as well as places of public catering and system of water purification. A very important place for conversation and activities aimed at improving people's understanding, why the need for this prevention, and how to spend it. Strictly follow the hygiene in institutions and enterprises. To provide kindergartens disinfectants, bed linen, checked food.

Prevention of dysentery is to identify underprivileged neighbourhoods and places where you might find the disease, and try to establish in these territories the situation.

In the local hearth is held stationary treatment only on the basis of clinical and epidemiological picture. Many people perevalivaet this disease in a mild form, and the treatment takes place at home, and with a minimal set of drugs. Inspection of premises is carried out only if the person works in the dairy or food plant. Also, further laboratory diagnostics for problems with the gastrointestinal tract in the spring and summer. When starting multiple infections in a localized lesion with a duration of less time than is the incubation period, it is necessary to carefully monitor the sources, which can produce disease.

After the man was placed in the hospital, begins its disinfection, and then to treatment. Also process necessary and those people who were close to them.

Once people visited the site of the infection, it should also pass disinfectio and preventive treatment. Monitoring adults and children should last about a week. Close attention should be given to stool consistency and temperature.

Upon detection of the outbreak in a kindergarten it is necessary to examine all the children's groups, as well as all the people who work there. It is prohibited to accept new children and transfer children to other preschools. When infected, you need to check the food and employees who work in the kitchen to eliminate the infection by alimentary.

If the infection appeared in the family of the kid who goes to kindergarten, then you need laboratory examination of the child and observation of his General condition.

Before starting the examination of the person the doctor needs to view the log, which defines all of the disease, and is the potential list of patients that could infect a person. In addition to laboratory diagnostics also conducted a study of housing conditions and if required, is treatment with disinfectant, and the sick man placed in a hospital. Also interview neighbors, relatives and co-workers of the patient, to ensure that the disease does not spread.

You also need to factor in the clinical course of the disease. As it is very similar to all intestinal diseases and has no specific symptoms, it it is difficult to determine.

If the doctor has any suspicion that the patient has chronic dysentery, it is necessary to carry out the detection of the carriers of the disease who had contact with the ill person, and also to conduct research. Sometimes it happens that the first man was diagnosed as a carrier, and it actually hurts with a lighter stage of the disease.

It is also necessary to conduct a survey, what water sources are used people bathed he in forbidden waters, where we bought food for the week prior to the occurrence of dysentery.

It is necessary to clearly study where people ate in the past week, in what form were the products as cooked. Subsequently it is necessary to hold samples of biological material taken from the products used. Further, the evaluation of the results obtained after the study of food, water, the person and survey the people around him, you can make a complete clinical picture, where did Shigella dysenteriae. After the preparation of the clinical picture, one needs to prescribe treatment, and the source of the contamination must be eliminated.

If in the study the productsthere was an indicator if low-titer, it does not mean that the product is pathogenic. Positive is only one product, which was found Shigella.

You must also carefully examine the local lesions with multiple infections. If the infection occurred faster than the incubation period continues, then it is possible to hypothesize that the infection is more likely to come from water or food. In the diagnosis of lesions, should be reviewed dynamics of morbidity in the area and the rate of infection, and how is the disease at certain age categories, and how the profession works. In evaluating the results of food and utilities find the defects and eliminate them.